Susan B Anthony Essay Example For Students

Susan B Anthony Essay Susan B Anthony Susan B. Anthony was born February 15, 1820 in Adams Massachusetts to Daniel and Lucy Anthony.Susan was the second born of eight children in a strict Quaker family.Her father, Daniel Anthony, was a stern man, a Quaker abolitionist and cotton manufacturer. He believed in guiding his children, not directing them. He did not allow them to experience the childish amusements of toys, games, and music, which were seen as distractions from the Inner Light. Instead he enforced self-discipline. Susan learned to read and write at the age of three. In 1826, the Anthonys moved from Massachusetts to Battensville, New York.Where Susan attended a district school, when the teacher refused to teach Susan long division, she was taken out of school and taught in home school set up by her father.A woman teacher, Mary Perkins, ran the school.Perkins offered a new image of womanhood to Susan and her sisters. We will write a custom essay on Susan B Anthony specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now She was independent, educated, and held a position that had been traditionally been reserved to young men.Susan was sent to a boarding school in Philadelphia.She taught at a female academy boarding school, in up state New York when she was fifteen years old intill she was thirty.After she settled in her family home in Rochester, New York.It was here that she began her first public crusade on behalf of temperance. This was one of the first expressions of feminism in the United States, and it delt with the abuses of woman and children who suffered from alcoholic husbands.In 1849, Susan gave her first public speech for the Daughters of Temperance, and then help found the Womans State Temperance Society of New York.It was one of the first organizations of its time. In 1851 she went to Syracus to attend a series of antislavery meetings.During this time Susan meet Cady Stanton.They became best friends.Susan joined Stanton and Amelia Bloomer in campaigns for womens rights. She would often deliver speeches written by Stanton, who was occupied with her young children. In 1854, She devoted herself to the antislavery movement serving from 1856 to the outbreak of the civil war, 1861.Here, she served as an agent for the American Antislavery Society.After, She worked with Stanton and published the New York liberal weekly, The Revolution (1868-1870) which called for equal pay for women. In 1872, Susan demanded that women be given the same civil and political rights that had been extended to black men under the 14th and 15th amendments. Anthony and Stanton became convinced that pg1ggggwoman would not gain the rights or be effective in promoting reforms until they had the right to vote. So she led a group of women to the polls in Rochester to test the right of women to vote. She was arrested two weeks later and while awaiting trial engaged highly publicized lecture tours and in March 1873, She tried to vote again in the city elections. After being tried and convicted of violating the voting laws, Susan succeeded in her refusal to pay the fine.From then on she campaigned endlessly for a federal woman suffrage amendment through the National American Womans Suffrage Association (1890-1906) and by lecturing throughout the country.Now the newly freed slaves were granted the right to vote by the 15th amendment, women of all races still did not have the right to voteAnthony, Stanton, and Matilda Joslyn Gage published the History of women Suffrage 4 volume (1881-1902), in 1888 she organized the International council of women and in 1904 the International Women Suffrage Alliance.Although Anthony did not live to see her effort fofilled to win the right to vote for women, the establishment of the 19th amendment is deeply owed to her efforts. .u65bcba62313d110cb8a0c0500c5a5bbe , .u65bcba62313d110cb8a0c0500c5a5bbe .postImageUrl , .u65bcba62313d110cb8a0c0500c5a5bbe .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u65bcba62313d110cb8a0c0500c5a5bbe , .u65bcba62313d110cb8a0c0500c5a5bbe:hover , .u65bcba62313d110cb8a0c0500c5a5bbe:visited , .u65bcba62313d110cb8a0c0500c5a5bbe:active { border:0!important; } .u65bcba62313d110cb8a0c0500c5a5bbe .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u65bcba62313d110cb8a0c0500c5a5bbe { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u65bcba62313d110cb8a0c0500c5a5bbe:active , .u65bcba62313d110cb8a0c0500c5a5bbe:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u65bcba62313d110cb8a0c0500c5a5bbe .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u65bcba62313d110cb8a0c0500c5a5bbe .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u65bcba62313d110cb8a0c0500c5a5bbe .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u65bcba62313d110cb8a0c0500c5a5bbe .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u65bcba62313d110cb8a0c0500c5a5bbe:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u65bcba62313d110cb8a0c0500c5a5bbe .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u65bcba62313d110cb8a0c0500c5a5bbe .u65bcba62313d110cb8a0c0500c5a5bbe-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u65bcba62313d110cb8a0c0500c5a5bbe:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Delinquent Behavior EssayOn July 2, 1979, the U.S Mint honored her work by issuing the Susan B. Anthony Dollar Coin. Susan B. Anthony died at age 86.She showed her strength and optimism until the end.Her final public words were FAILURE IS IMPOSSIBLE.

Reality and Imagination essays

Reality and Imagination essays Reality can be comforting or agonizing, it depends on whos reality is in question. Tennessee Williams depicted reality and what it can do to people in The Pulitzer Prize winning play A Streetcar Named Desire. The story is about an unmarried thirty year old woman who creates a new magic reality for herself to escape the cruelty and bitterness of the real world. She comes to New Orleans from a once wealthy estate plagued with family death and eventually loses the estate Belle Reve to unpaid mortgage. She slowly comes to believe her fantasy world is the real world and eventually cant tell them apart any longer. Her escapes from the real world are illustrated by her constructive compulsive mis-truths, fear of being seen in well lit areas, frequent long baths and excessive drinking. Blanche Dubois desires to escape her real life and to embrace upon the cushion of a magical fantasy world which she creates for herself. One of the most prominent escapes is her drinking and the large quantities of it. Blanche has a younger sister, Stella, who moved to New Orleans when the ordeals of Belle Reve were getting out of hand I stayed and struggled! You came to New Orleans and looked after yourself. I stayed at Belle Reve and tried to hold it together!. Blanche arrives and shortly thereafter is drinking. She has a tumbler of whiskey and downs it quickly while smoking simultaneously. Blanche proclaims her limit is one drink but it is evident she is using the alcohol as an escape because of how fast she drinks it following a fabrication about her employment relief. Several nights into the play, there is a poker game hosted at Stella and Stanleys, her husband, house. Blanche often drinks in large quantities to ease her nerves, hard alcohol, not beer I hate beer and usually prior or following her arsenal of Truth is bent and twisted by Blanche very ...

Technical factors affecting e-banking development in Iran Dissertation

Technical factors affecting e-banking development in Iran - Dissertation Example Research questions The purpose of this study is to get greater understanding of e-Banking phenomenon and find out its implementation obstacles in Iran. In the conduct of the collection of data; both primary and secondary data, it is important that the researcher has a guide on the kind of data to collect and which ones to ignore. In doing this, the following research questions have been set to guide the researcher on the exact data to go after. Therefore, the researcher tries to reach this goal by answering the following questions. 1 What have been the hindrances to the advancement of e-banking in Iran? Problem Overview In recent years acceptance of e-Banking has been rapid. In many west countries like Finland over 50% of bank customers use e-Banking services. On the other hand some evidence shows half of new customers that have used e-Banking for the first time, do not continue using this channel as an active customer.(reference needed) the development of new technologies in communi cations and information practices and the emergence of new services and increasing expectations and needs for banking services market caused our public and private banks to compete for providing new e-banking services. E-banking in recent decade has been carried out with various implementations in our country by a variety of public and private banks. Now each bank more or less seeks for efficient use of this new technology. However, it seems the use of e-banking is still not institutionalized in the culture of our people, and customers still do not use this technology with trust for large financial transactions. The Central Bank of Iran (CBI) observes that not many companies and organisations are taking advantage of... The paper tells that in recent years acceptance of e-Banking has been rapid. In many west countries like Finland over 50% of bank customers use e-Banking services. On the other hand some evidence shows half of new customers that have used e-Banking for the first time, do not continue using this channel as an active customer. the development of new technologies in communications and information practices and the emergence of new services and increasing expectations and needs for banking services market caused our public and private banks to compete for providing new e-banking services. E-banking in recent decade has been carried out with various implementations in our country by a variety of public and private banks. Now each bank more or less seeks for efficient use of this new technology. However, it seems the use of e-banking is still not institutionalized in the culture of our people, and customers still do not use this technology with trust for large financial transactions. The C entral Bank of Iran observes that not many companies and organisations are taking advantage of e-business as penetration rate in e-business is still very low. Iranian banks have made huge investments into e-business but this has not succeeded in changing the trend. According to BBC news 60 †¬percent of Iranians go to banks only to receive or pay cash to the banking network. Iranian banks talk about the spread of e-banking while Iranians spend a lot of time to pay the bills for water, electricity, gas, phone, or transferring money to other accounts and sometimes they stay in line for hours to receive or pay cash.

Design bandpass FIR digital filter to extract sub-Hz low frequency Dissertation

Design bandpass FIR digital filter to extract sub-Hz low frequency signal - Dissertation Example The aim of this research work is to design and performance evaluation of 0.2 – 0.5 Hz Butterworth, Blackman and Chebyshev digital semi adaptive filters. For this work XILINX and MATLAB software’s were used for the design. As pert of practical research work these designs were translated Using FPGA hardware SPARTAN-3E kit. These were optimized, analyzed, compared and evaluated keeping the sampling frequency at 1Hz for 64 orders. These filters designed using software were tested by passing a sinusoidal test signal of 5 Hz along with noise and the filtered Output signals are presented. Signal to Noise ratios were evaluated, plotted and comparative analysis carried out in this paper. Keywords Digital filter, XILINX and MATLAB software’s, Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA), SPARTAN-3E, DSP Chips, DIP switches Contents ABSTRACT 2 Contents 3 1. INTRODUCTION. 5 2. LITERATURE REVIEW 7 4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. 44 6. CONCLUSION 54 Reference list 55 1. INTRODUCTION. 1.1 Problem statement. The possibility of real time and low cost digital filtering emerged in when general purpose of microcomputers were introduced in the 1970s. The earlier designed digital filters had limited precision and speed which limited them to a restricted their application to simple algorithms and low frequency . In the 1980s, in its historical development DSP Chips which were of higher special cost were introduced (Tomlinson 1991). This contained an on chip D/A converter were incorporated and later improvements in their speed and complexity were advanced by ICS . This gave birth to the advanced digital filter design of today ( VolKenberg, 1987). Availability of F.P.G.A series kits helps researchers to take practical designs of semi adaptive band pass filters from low to high frequencies. It is on this basis that this project is designed to provide a high factor and high performance factor in attenuating frequencies which are undesirable for certain applications like the elec trocardiogram. 1.2 Objective The objectives of this project are: To inter-grate a low pass and high pass digital filters in a substrate known as band pass filter. To design FIR band pass that can help to extract low frequency of between 0.2-0.5 Hz 1.3 Scope of work The scope of this work is to design and develop a finite impulse response band pass digital filter. The following lists of objectives must be completed with the following in mind: 1. The scope of this project is making literature review which will survey on the magazine, journal, textbooks or conference papers. 2. During literature review, all the information such as theory and design of a digital filter will be explored. 3. Calculation based on Butter-worth and Chebyshev response will be done 4. Entering of the filter characteristics to generate coefficients using the FDAT tool block. 5. After the coefficients have been generated by the use of the FDAT tool block, design simulation using the FIR block will be done. 6. Th e last step in the finite impulse response band base filter design will be to hardware verify the performance of the hardware in the loop. 7. The preliminary work will use MATLAB tools and the result will compare with the theoretical result. 8. Finally, fabricate and make measurement for analysis result will be made based on the designed device. 1.4 METHODOLOGY This project will start with the background study of band pass basic concept through hole

Effect of Fat: Assessment of Apparent Diffusion Coefficient

Effect of Fat: Assessment of Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Abstract Objectives: Recent studies have indicated that excessive fat may confound assessment of diffusion in organs with high fat content, such as the liver and breast. However, the extent of this effect in the kidney, which is not considered a major fat deposition site, remains unclear. This study tested the hypothesis that renal fat may impact DWI parameters, and proposes a three-compartment model (TCM) to circumvent this effect. Methods: Using computer simulations, we investigated the effect of fat on assessment of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), intravoxel incoherent-motion (IVIM) and TCM-derived pure-diffusivity. In domestic pigs fed a high-cholesterol (Obese) or normal diet (Lean) (n=7 each), DWI parameters were calculated using IVIM and correlated to renal histology. IVIM-derived pure diffusivity was also compared among 15 essential hypertension (EH) patients classified by BMI (high vs. normal). Finally, pure diffusivity was calculated and compared in 8 patients with atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis (ARAS) and 5 healthy subjects using IVIM and TCM. Results: Simulations showed that unaccounted fat results in the underestimation of intravoxel incoherent-motion (IVIM)-derived pure-diffusivity, particularly at lower fat contents. Moreover, TCM, which incorporates highly diffusion-weighted images (b>2500s/mm2), could correct for fat-dependent underestimation. Animal studies confirmed lower ADC and pure-diffusivity in Obese vs. Lean pigs with otherwise healthy kidneys. Similarly, EH patients with high BMI had lower ADC (1.9 vs. 2.110-3 mm2/s) and pure-diffusivity (1.7 vs. 1.910-3mm2/s) than those with normal BMI.   Pure-diffusivity calculated using IVIM was not different between the ARAS and healthy subjects, but TCM revealed significantly lower diffusivity in ARAS. Conclusions: Excessive renal fat may cause underestimation of renal ADC and pure-diffusivity, which may hinder detection of renal pathology. Models accounting for fat contribution may help reduce the variability of diffusivity calculated using DWI. Keywords: Renal adiposity, Diffusion-weighted imaging, intravoxel incoherent motion, obesity.   Ã‚   Over the past two decades, diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) has evolved to an important tool for studying neurological disorders (1-3), while application of this method for characterization of abdominal pathological conditions awaited improved hardware and robust pulse sequences over nearly a decade (4). In the kidney, DWI has been used to investigate chronic kidney disease (CKD) (5), renal lesions (6), and deteriorating allografts (7). Nevertheless, the contribution of tubular flow and hemodynamics to the apparent diffusion constant (ADC), the diffusion quantitative index of the single compartment mono-exponential model, complicates tissue characterization and renal DWI analysis (8). This encouraged implementation of models incorporating a larger number of compartments to differentiate pure diffusion from pseudo-diffusive components. Indeed, in the kidney the intra-voxel incoherent motion (IVIM) analytical method, which utilizes a two-compartment model associated with pure diffusion and flow, showed superiority over the mono-exponential decay model (9, 10). However, recent studies on hepatic DWI identified fat as a potential third compartment with a significant confounding effect (11, 12), even in non-steatotic livers (13, 14) or other organs (15). Abdominal DWI is typically performed using an echo-planar imaging (EPI) readout, which uses a water-only excitation. Selected excitation or fat suppression methods prevent contribution of the fat signal associated with peaks spectrally distant from water, but cannot effectively eliminate the signal from fat components with resonance frequencies close to water proton frequency. For instance, peaks between 4.2-5.3 ppm associated with triglycerides, which account for nearly 8.7% of the total in vivo fat content, remain unsuppressed (11). Moreover, in the kidney, which is located in the vicinity of bowel, susceptibility artifacts may significantly reduce the efficacy of spectral fat suppression. Because the diffusion constant of lipid molecules is orders of magnitude smaller than that in water an d remains nearly unattenuated over the conventional range of b-values, the amplitude of the fat signal, especially at high b-values, can be prominent compared to the attenuated water signal (16), and therefore has a considerable impact on DWI parameters assessment (17). The epidemic of obesity stresses the importance of characterization of the effect of ectopic fat on DWI parameters, particularly in subjects with high body mass index (BMI). Increased renal adiposity (18, 19) may potentially interfere with interpretation of DWI in the kidney in obese subjects, but to date this effect has not been evaluated. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of renal fat accumulation and suboptimal suppression on DWI parameters. We investigated this effect using computer simulations and verified the error in a large animal model of obesity, and in healthy subjects and in the presence of renal pathological conditions in humans. We hypothesized that residual MR signal from fat causes underestimation of renal ADC and IVIM pure-diffusivity, the magnitude of which may approximate a reduction in these parameters elicited by renal pathology. Moreover, we suggest that the fat-dependency of DWI parameters may be corrected by estimating the MR signal of excessive fat using heavily diffusion-weighted images. Assuming that an unattenuated fat signal acts as an independent compartment, we formulated our model by adding a third exponential decay term to the bi-exponential IVIM model to account for the contribution of fat: (1) In our notation, C and are the fractions of extravascular water and fat in the DWI signal intensity. Dfast, Dslow, andDfat are diffusion coefficients for extravascular water (pure-diffusivity), intravascular flow-dependent component (pseudo-diffusion), and fat, respectively. The product of the fat diffusion coefficient and the b-values, over the conventional range of b-values is small such that the exponential part of the third term can be approximated by one. This simplifies the last term in Equation (1) to a constant signal offset as follows: (2) Considering that at higher b-values (~1000 s/mm2) conventionally used in DWI, the water-component of the signal intensity decays to nearly a few percent of its value at b0 (b=0 s/mm2), while the fat-related fraction (FRF), f, remains nearly unattenuated over the imaging b-value spectrum, the magnitude of FRF and its impact on calculated DWI parameters becomes significant. I. Simulations Simulations in this study pursued four aims. First, to show that in the absence of fat signal, the three-compartment model (TCM) reduces to IVIM. This would essentially verify that a non-zero FRF is not merely a result of overfitting the data of an intrinsically two-compartment system into a three-compartment model, and in fact represents a third independent compartment. Second, to investigate the influence of FRF, as illustrated in equation (1), on the diffusion parameters calculated using the bi-exponential IVIM model. Third, to examine the effect of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) on the accuracy of DWI parameters assessed using IVIM and TCM, particularly since increasing the degrees of freedom in TCM per se reduces the stability of the regularization methods. Finally, to test if in the presence of fat signal the DWI parameters calculated using IVIM and TCM would be b-value dependent. We simulated the total MR signal using the TCM, including fast and slow decays associated with intra- and extravascular fluid, as well as the FRF signal as a third compartment. Simulations were performed for diffusion parameters similar to DWI values reported for the kidney (10), over a range of FRFs (0-10%) and SNRs (2.5-50dB) (Table 1). IVIM and TCM were used to extract DWI parameters. In TCM, the total MR signal intensity for all b-values was subtracted by the signal intensity from the corresponding voxel of the high b-value (>2500 s/mm2) image, and the data were then fitted to a bi-exponential model. Table 1 shows the values used in the simulations. To verify the b-value dependency, DWI parameters were calculated from a set of b-values with the highest value being either 600, 1000, or 2000 s/mm2. II. Animal study All animal procedures followed the Guideline for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals (National Research Council, National Academy Press, Washington, DC, 1996) and were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at Mayo Clinic. Fourteen domestic swine in this study were fed ad lib for 16 weeks. Seven animals consumed a normal diet (Controls) and the other half (Obese) a high fat/carbohydrate diet (5B4L; Purina Test Diet, Richmond, IN) containing (in % kcal) 17% protein, 20% complex carbohydrates, 20% fructose, and 43% fat and supplemented with 2% cholesterol and 0.7% sodium cholate. We have recently shown that this diet induces obesity and adiposity (20). Diffusion-weighted MRI scans were performed at the completion of diet. Renal volume and hemodynamics were assessed 2-3 days apart from MR scans, using multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT). Prior to each in vivo study animals were anesthetized (Telazol 5mg/kg and xylazine 2mg/kg in saline), and anesthesia maintained with intravenous ketamine (0.2 mg/kg/min) and xylazine (0.03 mg/kg/min) (for CT), or inhaled 1-2% isoflurane (for MRI) throughout the course of imaging. Blood pressure was measured using an arterial catheter during the MDCT scanning session. Animals were injected with 10cc of heparin and euthanized with a lethal intravenous dose of sodium pentobarbital (100 mg/kg) a few days after the in vivo studies. Then the kidneys were removed and immersed in saline containing heparin. The tissue was stored at -80 °C or preserved in formalin for histology. a. Diffusion-weighted Imaging (DWI) DWI was performed on a 3T scanner (GE Medical Systems, Milwaukee, Wisconsin) using a torso array coil. Images were collected using a single-shot echo-planar sequence with bipolar gradient. In all animals, 4-6 coronal slices in oblique planes were collected for b-values 50, 100, 200, 300, 600, 800 and 1000 s/mm2. MR parameters were set to TR/TE 1800/79ms, field of view 35cm, Bandwidth 648Hz/pixel, Number of averages 3, slice thickness 2.5mm, and matrix size 128128. All acquisitions were performed during suspended respiration. b. MDCT imaging Renal hemodynamics were assessed from contrast-enhanced MDCT images, as previously detailed (21). A pigtail catheter was advanced through the left jugular vein to the superior vena cava to inject contrast media during the scan. Then animals were moved to MDCT unit (Somatom Sensation 64; Siemens Medical Solutions, Forchheim, Germany). Following localization of the kidneys, a bolus of iopamidol (0.5 ml/kg over 2s) was injected, and after a 3-second delay, 140 consecutive scans were acquired over approximately 3 minutes. After the flow scan and an additional contrast injection, a volume study was performed. Axial images were acquired at helical acquisition with thickness of 0.6mm and resolution of 512512, and reconstructed at 5mm thickness. c. Lipid Panel Lipid (total cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipid (HDL)) was measured (Roche) at the Mayo Immunochemical Core Laboratory from blood samples, and low-density lipid (LDL) was calculated. d. Morphological Studies Images were acquired using an ApoTome microscope (Carl ZEISS SMT, Oberkochen, Germany). Renal fibrosis was quantified by colorimetric measurements in 5 µm slides stained for trichrome. Tubular dilation was measured in Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)-stained slides counterstained with Hemotoxylin. Intracellular lipid accumulation was assessed by colorimetric measurements in Oil-Red-O stained slides from frozen tissue counterstained with Hematoxylin. III. Human study The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Mayo Clinic, in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) guidelines. All patients provided written informed consent before enrollment. Fifteen patients with essential hypertension (EH) were recruited from an on-going study, to study the effect of renal fat on DWI parameters. Patients were divided in two groups based on their BMI: an obese group (n=10, BMI≠¥30kg/m2) and a lean group (n=5, BMI 20-25kg/m2). Additionally, diffusion parameters assessments in healthy vs. impaired (post-stenotic) kidneys, with and without fat correction, were compared in eight patients with atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis (ARAS), and five healthy controls. a. DWI In patients 3-8 axial images were acquired on 3T scanner (GE Medical Systems, Milwaukee, WI and Siemens Medical Systems, Erlangen, Germany) with MR parameters TR/TE, Bandwidth, Slice thickness, matrix size, and b-values were set to 2000-2400/60-94ms, 1953 Hz/pixel, 7mm, 128128 or 160160, and 100, 300, 600, 900 (s/mm2) in the first study with EH patients. In ARAS and Control subjects the TR/TE were 2600-4286/59-112ms. Pure-diffusivity was calculated from b-values ≠¥300 s/mm2 and fat-related fraction was assessed from high b-values, 2000-2500 s/mm2. b. Clinical parameters and Lipid Panel Clinical and laboratory parameters including age, sex, weight, BMI, blood pressure, serum creatinine, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and lipid panel levels were evaluated at study entry by standard procedures. IV. Data analysis a. DWI Pixel-by-pixel maps of quantitative indices of mono-exponential model, ADC, and bi- and tri-exponential models, IVIM and TCM parameters, respectively, were generated (Figure 1), as shown previously (22). The threshold for fast vs. slow components was set to 300s/mm2 in both animal and patient studies (23). Large cortical regions of interest (ROIs) were drawn on b0 DWI images and transferred to the maps as detailed before (22). Mean values of ADC and IVIM parameters were calculated by averaging values in all corresponding ROIs for all slices in the subject. b. MDCT Using contrast-enhanced MDCT in animals, single-kidney volume, GFR, perfusion, and renal blood flow (RBF) were calculated. To calculate renal function and hemodynamics, the cortical and medullary signal attenuation vs. time curves were fitted to an extended Γ-variate model. Regional blood volumes and mean transit times were calculated to estimate cortical and medullary perfusion and blood flows (products of perfusion and the corresponding volumes). Total RBF was assessed as the sum of cortical and medullary flows. Finally, GFR was evaluated using the slope of the cortical proximal tubular curve, as previously shown (21). Data Analysis software All analyses were performed in MATLAB ® (MathWork, Natick, MA, USA) and Analyzeâ„ ¢ (Biomedical Imaging Resource, Mayo Clinic, MN, USA). V. Statistical Analysis Simulation results are shown as mean  ± STD, and in vivo results as Median [First Quartile Third Quartile]. Minimum sample size was calculated using power analysis for minimum power value of 0.8. Non-parametric Mann-Whitney was used for comparison among groups. For p values

Effect of injection or Suction and Magnetic Field on oscillatory flow i

An oscillatory hydrodynamic flow through porous medium bounded by two horizontal parallel porous plates in the presence of transverse magnetic field is investigated. Both the stationary plates are subjected to the same constant injection / suction velocities ( V ). A closed form analytical solution is obtained and the affects of different parameters (Injection / suction Parameter, Darcy number, Hartmann number, Frequency of oscillations etc.) on velocity field and skin-friction are discussed with the help of graphs in details. Key words: Oscillatory flow, Magnetic field, Injection / suction, Planner channel. 1 Introduction: The flows of fluids through porous media have attracted the attention of a number of scholars because of their possible applications in many branches of science and technology. In fact a porous material containing the fluid is a non-homogeneous medium but it may be possible to treat it as a homogeneous one, for the sake of analysis, by taking its dynamical properties to be equal to the averages of the original non-homogeneous continuum. Thus a complicated problem of the flow through a porous medium gets reduced to the flow problem of a homogeneous fluid with some additional resistance. The hydrodynamic channel flow is a classical problem for which exact solution can be obtained Schillicting [1]. Eckert [2] obtained the exact solution of Navier-Stokes equations for the flow between two parallel porous plates with constant injection/suction. In view of numerous important engineering and geophysical applications of the channel flows through porous medium, for example in the fields of chemical engineering for filtration and purification processes, in the fields of agriculture engineering f... ...Sci. Acad. 75(1) (2009): 41-48. 14 Garg, B.P., Singh, K.D. and Pathak, Reena (2011). An analysis of radiative, free-convective and mass transfer flow past an accelerated vertical plate in the presence of transverse magnetic field, J. Rajasthan Acad. Phy. Sci. 10(1) (in press). 15 Moreau, R. â€Å"MagnetoHydrodynamics†. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht (1990). 16 Makinde, O.D. and Mhone, P.Y. â€Å"Heat Transfer to MHD Oscillatory Flow in a Channel Filled with Porous Medium†. Rom. Journ. Phys. 50 (2005): 931-938. 17 Mehmood, A. and Ali, A. â€Å"The Effect of Slip Condition on Unsteady MHD Oscillatory Flow of a Viscous Fluid in a Planer Channel†. Rom. Journ. Phys. 52(1-2) (2007): 85-91. 18 Singh, K.D. and Garg, B.P. â€Å"Radiative Heat Transfer in MHD Oscillatory Flow through Porous Medium Bounded by Two Vertical Porous Plates†. Bull. Cal. Math. Soc.102(2) (2010) 129-138.

India Election

The current 1 5th Lok Sabha will complete its constitutional term on May 31 , 2014 By constitutional requirement, elections to the Lok Sabha must be held at most every five years or whenever parliament is dissolved by the president. The previous election, to the 1 5th Lok Sabha, was conducted in April-May 2009 and its term would naturally expire on 31 May 2014. The election will be organised by the Election Commission of India (EC') and are normally held in multiple phases to better handle the large electoral base and security concerns.Congress had a empathic victory in 2009 10k sabha elections . 1JPA- 2 started on a high by wining almost full majority of its own. However ,their second term has been marred with controversies and corruption allegations. starting with common wealth game scam,every few monthes saw a new scam coming out like Adarsh society scam and the biggest of all sharply in the past few years adding to the woes of common men. Cursed against black money and corruption by Ana Hazare and to some extent baba Ramdev has only added to the woes of congress. But congress is srewed and knows politics very well.They know that offence is the best way of defend. For every scam or corruption news come out ,they bounce back equally controversial news against Vival arties. Their projection of Rahul Gandhi,who is known as youth icon of India today after his appointment as vice-president of congress party. Lets see as a prime ministreal candidate may help them in their campaign build upto 2014 elections. Since the last general election, the BJP has made inroads by winning the state assembly elections in Goa and winning despite a tradition of anti-incumbency in Punjab.However, it lost control of Uttaranchal, Himachel Pradesh and its southern bastion of Karnataka. Use of technology In January 2013, the Election Commission of India announced that it would be using n SMS based alert system called Communication Plan for Election (COMET) during the election. The syst em, aimed at sending messages to the millions of government officials on election duty, was successfully deployed in the assembly polls in Goa, Punjab, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand andManipur in early 2012 and in Himachal Pradesh and Gujarat in late 2012.The COMET system â€Å"uses coded text messages through mobile phones to collect data about officials, information about scheduled events like staff reaching the polling station, mock polls conducted, start of polling, oting percentages every two hours, number of voters in after voting time was over, and whether the poll party reached safely at the high security Electronic Voting Machine (EVMs) deposit centre. † The system would also send alerts to the local police in case of disturbances at any polling station Main opposition party Bhartiya Janta Party was left down and out after 2009 elections.BJPs arch enemy is not congres but BJP itself. lts leaders have failed to capitalize on core issues of price raise and corruption agai nst the congress. They shoud have learned from congress and other nd some other smaller parties,have been able to successfully use the anti miniorty tag againt the BJPfor ever two decades now. BJP has also lost a lot of mass appeal leaders over the years past popular leadrer in India Atal Behari Vajpayee has now retired from active politic. charsmatics learder and face of modern India ,Parmod MaJhan was killed in a tragic incident.Stalwarts like Govindacharya and Jaswant Singh were thrown out. Prime ministreal candidate Murli Manohar Joshi has been made to sit on the side lines with no influence on national level politics. L. K. Advani is lose to retirement years and fire brand Sushma SwaraJ hasn't proved to be a winner yet. That leaves the party with only one leadear of mass appeal,Narender Modi who may not yet able to handle national politics alone,and behind him a dark shade of communlist tag. Beside every one knows congress will play the anti miniorty tag against him quite well. BJP has also destoried its chance by not farming stretigc alliance with other parties in state. It used to have an alliance with AIADMK in Tamil Nadu and Mamta Banerjee'sTMS , IN West Bengal ,BJD in Orissa and recently JDU OF Bihar . BJPS loss has been congress gain. Third Fornt Parties: Third fornt parties have been redused to play a miniorty role at the center over the past few years. Leaders like Lalu Parsad,Mulayam Singh YadavJaya Lalta,Mayawati are no Govt. ln this case of congress.Left fornt has already become non-existent after the debaile in 2011 assembly elections and it had be highly unlikely that they,had make any come back by 2014. For the past few years, most of third fornt allies have been thob-nobbing with congress ,which raises doubt on their very existence. Third fornt was formed to combat BJP as well as congress ,but if u are going to chossse congress fter polls every time ,then won't it better for peoples to vote for congress dereibly third fornt needs to get its priorities right and decide on their future survavial options ,because as of now their future looks black.The contender's For India Election 2014 Though congress may not admit it yet,but Manmohan Singh be showen door out,and congress may be prefer to field Rahul Gandhi as its Prime Ministreal candidate in 2014. 1t may be too early for Rahul to lead nation as he has not proven his political accumen yet,but after the negative reviews UPA-2 is gathering,congress may want to hange Manmohan Singh. As for BJP the choice is only Narender Modi havng good record at regional level but no influence at national level yet. The Prime Ministreal Candidate: 1 Gandhi or Manmohan Singh. :NDA:- Narender Mod'. 3:Third Fornt:-Depends upon which party gets most seats. Slogans Of Parties: UPA:-Secularism NDA:-Hindu Rashtar OTHERS:-Rural Deviopment MANIFESTO:- UPA:-The congress president Mrs Sonia Gandhi and prime Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh realeasd the party manifesto,the menifestolists some promises wit h special focus on miniortes,dalits and tribal communities. Reiteraing its national rural employment gaurntee act schamethe congress has promised 100 days work for Rs 100a day,as an entitlement under MNAREGA.The congres has promised to enact a right to food law that gurantee food for all. lt has announced that every family living below poverty line will be entaitled 25 kg of rice or wheat per month at rate of3 3 per kg. The manifesto subsieded community kitchens,which will be set up in all cities for homeless peoples and migrants,with the support of the central govt. In the health sector,congress has declared that every family living below poverty line will be overed by the rashtrya swasthy bima youJna over the next three years. he party has promised social security cover for the disabaled,the elderly,urban home less,released bonded labourers,members of primitive tribalgroups and membersof the most backward dalit communites. S In order to woo the miniorites community,the congress pl ans to implement reservation for miniortes,on the basis of social and economic backwardness govt Jobs and educational institutions. The party has promised to set up an equal opportunity commission to ensure that the sachar commission recommendations are implemented and the miniortes are not deprived in any atter.The party has reterated the contenation promise of implementing33 % reservation for womens in parliament and he state legislature ,which it had to failed promised to reserve one third of all central govtJobs for womens. The congress has promised free education from primary till the university education for students from dali and tribalcommnites. continuing its incentives for the schedule castesand schedule tribe communites. To cheak communal and caste related violence,congress has proposed a law that empower the nationalhuman rights commission to monitor nvestigation and trail in all such cases.Declering a zero tolarence policy towards terrorism. The party has focused on its core areas of farmers ,womens,the socially backword sections. Through its wide range of promises,the congress is trying to projecta govt which will work on inclusive growth,encompassing all sections of society. NDA: 1,To develop a prosperous powerful Nation. 2,for stability and secular india needs a decive leader. 3,National security fear shall no longer stalk this land. 3,Engaging the world India' voice shall be heared.