Noble Prize Economist Amartya Sen Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Noble Prize Economist Amartya Sen - Term Paper Example He is widely regarded as the Mother Teresa of economics because of his contributions to the poor. He is currently serving in two universities; in Thomas W. Lamont University as the Professor of Economics and in Harvard University as the Professor of Philosophy. Apart from that he is a distinguished fellow in many other famous universities and institutions like Harvard Society of Fellows, All Souls College, Oxford, Trinity College, Cambridge etc. This paper briefly analyses the contributions of Amartya Sen as an economist to the world. â€Å"Amartya Sen was born on 3 rd November 1933 in Santiniketan, West Bengal, India. His ancestral home was in Dhaka, Bangladesh. His family migrated to India following the partition of India in 1947†(Amartya Sen). The meaning of ‘Amartya’ is immortal. The renowned scholar of Indian literature, Rabindranath Tagore was the one who proposed the name of Amartya Sen. Rabindranath Tagore was one of the best friends of Amartya’s fa ther. Sen started his school education in Dhaka; however, the division of India forced Sen and his family to migrate to India in 1947. The latter part of his school education was in Visva-Bharati University school. He has joined Presidency College, Kolkata, for his college education and completed his First Class First in his B.A. (Honours) in Economics. He left the Presidency College as the most eminent student of the 1953 batch. He has continued his higher studies in Trinity College, Cambridge, and completed a First Class BA (Honours) from there in 1956. He has enrolled for a Ph.D. in Economics in Trinity College itself after the completion of BA (Honours) from there. During the same period itself, he was appointed as the Professor and Head of the Department of Economics at Jadavpur University, Calcutta. Later he returned to Trinity College and completed his Ph.D. in Economics. Within economics, he has made original and critical contributions to development theory, planning, capita l and growth theory, investment appraisal, the study of technology and employment, welfare economics, social choice theory, poverty and inequality measurement, issues in the causes and redressal of famines and destitution, and population policy (Subramanian). Amartya Sen is well known for his works for the poor. As mentioned earlier, he is currently regarded as the Mother Teresa of economics. The theory of social choice was developed by Amartya Sen. In his book â€Å"Poverty and famines† published in 1981, Amartya argued that famine occurs not only because of shortage of food, but also because of the inequalities built in to the mechanisms for distributing food (Amartya Sen). Masny of the earlier economists cited the food shortage as the major reasons for famine. However, Amartya was able to prove that even the produced food is not used up properly because of the problems in the distribution system. For example, in India, the government is distributing food to the poor people with the help of rationing system. However, because of the delays in completing the administrative procedures in supplying the food from the food go-downs to the ration shops, a substantial portion of the food items wasted. In other words, the bureaucracy is causing problems in the safe transport of the food items from the ware-houses to the ration shops in India. The increased percentage of corruption in bureaucracy is delaying the paper works. Thus, Amartya was able

Design and Construction of Liquefaction Tank

Design and Construction of Liquefaction Tank Chapter 3. Methodology As mentioned in previous chapters, the objective of the project is to design and construct a liquefaction tank to be used during geotechnical engineering lectures and laboratory sessions to demonstrate the liquefaction phenomenon fundamental concept. Existing liquefaction models The liquefaction demonstration tank is not anything new. In fact, it is a classic in a geotechnical engineering program. This demonstration experiment tends to leave a lasting impression on the students mind. It is easy to find numerous figures and pictures of a basic quicksand model. For example, Holtz and Kovacs (1981) demonstrate a conceptual design diagram of a liquefaction tank, as shown in figure 3.1. The model consists of two tanks. The water tank is at the bottom and the top tank contains sand. A pump is used to pump the water from the bottom tank into the sand tank, creates the upward flow in the quicksand tank. Flowing through the porous stone layer at the bottom of the sand tank, the upward water pressure is distributed evenly over the entire base of the sand layer, keeping the porewater pressure constant throughout. Number of piezometers is installed directly onto the sand tank at different level, which enables water heads within the quicksand tank during the experiment t o be observed and readings to be taken. From the literature research, there are two existing quicksand models built at other universities, pictures of which are obtained. Essentially, the concept is similar in both tanks. There are two separate containers, one on the top contains sand specimen and a tank with water at the bottom that will be used to fill and drain the sand tank into. Figure 3.2 shows the model at the University of Illinois which is very similar to the diagram in figure 3.1. The other liquefaction tank shown in figure 3.3 is built at the Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. Instead of using pump, a standpipe is used to create and control the upwards flows in the sand tank. Also the piezometers in this model are installed on a separated board. Using flexible tubes, they are connected to valves installed at the side of the tank. A dial-gauge used to measure the vertical settlement of the object on top of the sand mass when it liquefies. Design of the model After evaluating all of the existing liquefaction models, an outline drawing including all dimensions and key features was drawn as shown in figure 3.4. The main concept of the model is kept the same as those existing models. Utilising a hydraulic bench to contain water and support the sand tank, pump and water tank is not be needed. As for the liquefaction tank, there are numerous requirements that its design has to meet. First all of the tank, measured 500x500x700mm, must be make strong enough to support the pressure created by the sand and water mass (about 200kg) in side. It also needs to be made water proof to prevent water from leaking out. One of the important requirements is that the tank must be transparent enough to enable a clear visual of the sand and the phenomenon happens in site to be observed. Taking all consideration into account, the sand tank is made out of fabricated Perspex panels glued together using impermeable glue. Similar to the model at the Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, five piezometers are installed on a separated board and connected to the tank using flexible tubes. This enables the model to be moved around safer and easier compared with rigid piezometers installed on the tank due to the significant height required. The tank also has two valves one on side acting as the inlet and out let, which helps to control the upward flow inside the tank. An overflow tube also is incorporated at the top. At each tube and valves connections, filter is used to prevent the sand particles from leaking out. Inside the tank, there nine plastic cylinders placed at the bottom of the tank to support the mass. The sand will sit on a layer porous stone of 40mm thick which contained by 2 layers of metal meshes with drilled holes. This allows the upward water flow to be distributed evenly over area of the sand mass base. Layers of geotextile are placed between the stone layer and the sand layer, which effectively stops the fine particles from leaking down to the porous stone layer. The sand was filled up to the height of the fifth piezometer which made up a total thickness of 430mm from the metal mesh base. The sand tank is placed on top of the hydraulic bench. There is also a steel frame support to be made in the future to secure the tank to the bench, enables it to be moved around safely. Based on these drawings, with the assistance of our departmental senior technicians, the tank was constructed as shown in figure 3.5. There is a small modification to the design, which the valves are not connected directly onto the side panel but through a thick layer of Perspex prevents any crack to occurs at the connections. Similar to the model at the Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, a dial gauge attached to a steel bar place over the top of the tank, is used to measure the vertical settlement of the model. A metal string helps to secure the structure model to the steel bar, which enable the model to be taken out of the tank easily after completely sinking into the sand mass. Testing materials Porous stone layer As described in the final design of the model, there is a porous stone layer with a thickness of 40mm placed between the sand and the mesh support. For this project, 10mm concrete aggregate was used to make up this stone layer. A sieve analysis was carried out on a 1 kg of sample to determine the grain size redistribution of this type of aggregate. Leighton Buzzard sand Once constructed, the model was used for testing liquefaction resisting performance of number of different type of structures. For these tests, Leighton Buzzard Sand fraction C was used. This was supplied by the David Ball Group, Cambridge, UK, confirming to BS 1881-131:1998. After performing number of classification tests namely maximum and minimum density and sieve analysis on the 0.5kg sample, properties of the sand were determined as follows. Specific gravity of the Leighton Buzzard Sand fraction C was 2.65. Minimum and maximum dry densities were 1.40 g/cm3 and 1.68 g/cm3, respectively. These are value corresponding to the maximum and minimum void ratios which were calculated as 0.89 and 0.58, respectively. More than 80% of the coarse sand particles, which are rounded and mainly quartz, are between (around) 300 ÂÂ µm and 600 ÂÂ µm which meets the BS 1881-131:1998 standard. Resisting structure models For this project, three small models with similar weight were made, representing three different foundation designs as shown in figure 3.6. All three models have same shape, weight and made of the same materials. Table 3.1 shows the dimension and weight of the models. Models A represents pile foundation for high raise buildings and large infrastructures. Model B represents a typical mat foundation which is a shallow foundation for small and medium houses and apartment buildings. Model C acts as the control which is just a standard block structure without foundation. Testing procedures To enable a comparison of the performance of the different types of foundations, the liquefaction tank was used to create the quicksand condition, in which the model placed on top of the sand surface, starts to sink down when the top sand layer liquefied. As mentioned in the literature review, there are various factors that can influent the liquefaction susceptibility namely soil particle grain size, upwards seepage and level of compaction. For this experiment to be accurate, all of the above parameters were kept approximately constant from one test to the other. The same sand, Leighton Buzzard (fraction C) was used in all three tests. Initial water level within the tanks as well as the flow rate controlled by the inlet valve with also was kept the same. All nine supports were placed at the bottom of the liquefaction tank, followed by the metal mesh and the qeotextile layer. A 40mm thick layer of cleaned concrete aggregate was put on top of the geotextile and slightly compacted. Another layer of geotextile and metal mesh were put in before pouring the sand in. The sand were poured into the tank and compacted evenly in three layers. Once the model and the dial gauge were installed on top of the tank, the experiment was ready to run. While the outlet was completely closed, the inlet valve was opened to allow the water is pumped in the tank creating an upward flow, hence the change in pore water pressure between the sand particles and the increase in the water level in the piezometers. Hydraulic heads reading from the piezometers at different levels were recorded periodically and later on used to determine pore water pressure inside the tank. As predicted by the theory, as the inlet, valve 1, is opened to let the water to flow in, the h ead at the bottom of the sand layer will gradually increase and eventually to a sufficient value which can cause the sand to liquefy. The upward seepage forces will balance the downwards gravitational forces created by the sand mass. Hence rendering the shear strength of the sand to zero, any structure/object placed on top of the sand surface will sink in gradually sink into the sand mass. The whole procedure of the test will be recorded using a digital camera for reference when analyzing the data. As can be noticed form the figure 3.5, a small amount of blue dye was added to all five piezometers, to enhance the visibility of the water level inside the tube, especially when taking pictures and video. This can cause the non unity density of the liquid inside the whole length of the tube and result in the inaccurate measurements of the heads in the tank. However, since the amount of dye is minimal and taking the non unity of the water inside the tank, it is assumed that the head represented by the piezometers is approximately same as the head inside the tanks. In fact, this can be shown in figure 3.7, where inlet and outlet valves are closed, the water level inside the tank is stationary. The different in heads caused by the non unity of the fluid can hardly be seen in all five piezometer. Data collection Liquefaction is a phenomenon that tends to occur very quickly. Therefore manual readings taking from all five piezometers are difficult and not very accurate. For this project, a digital camera was used to capture pictures at interval and record a video of the whole experiment. From the reading of the piezometers, porewater pressures at different level inside the tank will be calculated during the whole experiments. From these data, graph of settlement against porewater pressure will be plotted for each experiment. Since all other parameters were kept constant from one test to the other, excepts for the type of foundation used, therefore difference between graphs will enable a comparison between the different type of foundation to be drawn.

Woman of the Year: Queen Elizabeth the Second :: essays research papers

Woman of the Year: 1953-Queen Elizabeth II   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  From the day she was born, the life of Queen Elizabeth II shows that she deserved to receive the title â€Å"Woman of the Year.† She had practical intelligence since she was a kid and she respected peoples opinions.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Queen Elizabeth II was born on April 21, 1926 at the London home of her mother's parents, Lord and Lady Strathmore. She was baptized at Buckingham Palace and named Elizabeth Alexandra Mary five weeks later. Elizabeth's father was Albert, the Duke of York. He was the second son of King George V. When his dad died in 1936, his brother was supposed to become king but he resigned. So he became king. Her mother was Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon. She was a member of the Scottish aristocracy. Her sister Margaret Rose was born on August 21, 1930, when she was 4 years old in Glamis Castle. Her grandparents were George V and Queen Mary, and Lord and Lady Strathmore.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Elizabeth and her sister were homed schooled. She was taught by Miss Marion Crawford, a young Scottish woman. At the age of 5, she usually woke up at 6 a.m. and went out for riding lessons. After that, they had lunch, lessons in French, voice and piano. In the afternoon she would play in the garden, usually with her sister and Miss Crawford. She became heiress to the throne at the age of ten. She had to learn court etiquette and diplomatic practice from her grandmother, Queen Mary. She studied the geography and history of the Commonwealth countries and the U.S. Elizabeth went to Eton College for private lessons in law. She was training for future duties. Being a princess was not easy. She had to prepare for a hard life, never make mistakes, never look bored and never be sick if possible.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Elizabeth grew up at the families London home, a large Victorian House on 145 Picadilly and at the Royal Lodge in Windsor Great Park. When her dad became King they moved to Buckingham Palace. It was more like a museum than a house. Elizabeth spent their holidays with their grandparents on both sides. When she spent it with the Strathmore it would sometimes be at the Glamis Castle. It was a rugged, rambling old Scottish fortress. â€Å"It looked like something out of a child's adventure stories-paradise of echoing rooms, long passage and mysterious stairways.† (Trease 1953, 231) Elizabeth enjoyed exploring the castle when she was young. She was 13 when World War II occurred. A year later bombs started falling on London. Elizabeth and her sister had to go to safety

Autobiography of a Classroom Essay

I am a very big classroom in a well-known public school. I cater to needs of the kindergarten class of the school, accommodating I think about eighty five children, a big number isn’t it? I understand that I am the best looking room in the school as, the very small children study here. I am very attractively decorated so that the little ones like to come here every day. The room that is me – is decorated with beautiful coloured pictures. The walls are a blend of some colours I do not know the names of. The furniture that is placed in the length and breadth of the room consists of small round tables to seat four children on each table, and the chairs are also tiny. That is not all, all the furniture is a mixture of many colours. When the children come inside the class they almost fight to sit on certain chairs. That makes me understand that they like the colours and fight for their favourite colours to sit on. At the top two ends of the length of the classroom there are two bigger tables and full size chairs for the teachers to sit. Since there are so many children there are two teachers while in other classes there is only one each. I am a treat for everyone to see. My pleasure knows no bounds when everyone who comes inside the class, admires me, appreciates my get up and the colours that don me. I have the twin advantage of being the most beautiful room in the school and also having the cutest of children coming to spend their time with me. Thus, my life is full of beauty, colour, noise and laughter and at times of course also crying and howling of the children. At times some new entrants to the school come to me with their mothers and, cry as if they had come to the slaughter house to be butchered. At such moments even by heart cries for the little ones and I wonder why man makes these little children come to study if they do not want to. I of course do not know how important studies are for human children, I only feel sad seeing the children cry. My life is full of a very busy schedule though very interesting. The routine of my daily life is so busy that, I do not get any relief for quite long hours. In the morning as early as 6 a. m. wo sweepers come open the lock of my room or rather me, and off they start working on me. They sweep my floor, squab it, dust each and every piece of the furniture in me. Thus, I get alerted as soon the room is unlocked. It is not even 8 a. m. when the little brats start pouring inside my body’s doors. At times they enter with so much noise that my whole body feels the rattle of it all. Their movements are so loud that now, I cannot even think of any rest. School bags get flung, tiffin boxes are strewn all about, water bottles are kept just anywhere and there is a lot of commotion all over. Soon the maid enters the room and keeps everything in order and my appearance at once improves and I look tidy and well kept. For these small ones the school hours are just three from, 8 a. m. to 11 a. m. These three hours is my duty time, and just is the time when I also get the day’s entertainment. Being a classroom for the Kindergarten children I get a great chance of hearing conversations between the teachers and the parents. Since this is the first time their children have entered school, parents devote a lot of time to talking about the school and its standards. At times I find that some parents are just too critical and, inspite of getting all the best in this school they always seem to be unhappy and dissatisfied with something or the other in the school. Such parents keep lecturing about things missing in the classroom, the school or even in the playground. When I hear such complaints, my heart sinks and I wonder if they will allow or not allow their children to come to me any more,. For such conversations I have understood that, these days parents pamper the children too much, and it seems that they can never yes, never be satisfied. I am quite surprised to see the vast difference in opinions. While on the one hand I, and also many parents think that I am very beautiful, well kept, and decorated, others of the same clan are always complaining of many defects in my appearance. This gives me a feeling of depression and I do wonder if I can do anything in the matter. After some thinking bouts, I realize that, I can do nothing to satisfy these unhappy parents. I am just here in the hands of the school authorities and stand here as and how they keep me. My working hours are just six, from 6 a. m. when sweepers enter to say 12 noon when I am locked after all children go. After my duty hours I just relax but also feel lonely. No matter what is said about me, I am thoroughly enjoying my life in the cute company of little children. Their company makes me also feel young though now I am quite old. Every summer vacation I am painted afresh, my furniture is painted, and, I am ready to welcome my little friends, new and old with a new look, new enthusiasm and renewed vigour. I pray that my life is forever allowed to remain so interesting and so relaxed. I just love all the children and teachers who come here to me, to work and play in the restricted area within my four walls.

Prejudice in to Kil a Mocking Bird

Prejudice is shown in many ways in To Kill a Mocking Bird. From social prejudice against the Cunninghams to racial prejudice against Tom Robinson, the book has displayed many aspects of how people can look through the window and see things completely differently than the person beside them. A form of social prejudice is when Aunt Alexandra forbid Scout to play with Walter Cunningham, a poor boy whom Scout attends school with. This is because Aunt Alexandra sees Walter and his family as poor and beneath the Finches, in her words,† †¦ they're good folks.But they're not our kind of folks. †Ã‚   This shows that to the Maycomb citizens, social status is an extremely important issue. Also, in Tom Robinson’s case, Aunt Alexandra also advices Atticus not to take up the case, as it would cause the people of Maycomb to look down on them or gossip about them. Hence this shows that people in Maycomb like Aunt Alexandra are extremely conscious about where they stand in the society. Maycomb is a very religious town with the foot-washing Baptists appearing to have a strong influence on the community.The foot-washers have very strict views and believe that anything which is pleasurable is a sin. They are therefore prejudiced against a great deal of people who are different from them with different opinions. An example of their prejudice is when Miss Maudie says, â€Å"some of ‘em came out of the woods one Saturday and passed by this place and told me and my flowers we were going to hell†. Their belief is so extreme that they feel they should threaten those who enjoy life. Another example of religious prejudice is the isolation of the Radleys.This isolation is due to the Radley family not attending church which is Maycomb’s â€Å" principal recreation †The Radleys suffer religious prejudice because they keep themselves to themselves, apart from everyone else. This action is considered a disapproval by the people of Maycomb. Als o, Mrs Radley hardly ever â€Å" crossed the street for a mid-morning coffee break with her neighbours †, this is also deemed unfriendly and unforgivable by the people of Maycomb hence the isolated of the Radleys.A form of racial prejudice can be seen from the trial of Tom Robinson. Tom Robinson is a black man who was found guilty of a rape he didn't commit. The racial prejudice nature of Maycomb is clearly portrayed through such instances as the fact that Atticus is accused by the town of being a â€Å"nigger lover† for defending Tom’s case and also through the mob scene outside the jail. The fact that a white man would stand up for a black man in that town got them very upset. â€Å"Yeah, but Atticus aims to defend him. That's what I don't like about it†.The people are also not pleased that Atticus tried his best to defend Tom Robinson It is in the Tom Robinson trial that the greatest example of injustice because of prejudice is seen. The townspeople di d not care whether Tom was innocent or guilty because of his color and never even gave him a chance because he was black. Although Atticus actually manages to prove the innocence of Tom Robinson, the white jury still refuses to declare the innocence of a black man over a white resulting in the most blatant testimony to the fact that the town of Maycomb held racial discrimination above justice.Through its decision the town essentially kills a mockingbird. Tom Robinson was a man who did no harm to others but instead actually helped others out of kindness – a mockingbird who becomes victim to a racist society. Another form of racial prejudice is how inhumane the white are towards the black. The townspeople viewed this case as a carnival. â€Å"It was a gala occasion. There was no room at the public hitching trail for another animal, mules and wagons were parked under every available tree.The courthouse square was covered with picnic parties sitting on newspapers, washing down b iscuit and syrup with warm milk from fruit jars†. This was more like entertainment for the townspeople. This was fun for them, talking with friends, having lunch, and joking. They were there only to watch the trial like as if they were watching a show, they were only curious about the verdict of Tom Robinson’s case and were not concern about his predicament. This shows the prejudice in the white that caused them to be extremely cruel.

The Suffrage Movement in the United States essays

The Suffrage Movement in the United States essays The Suffrage Movement in the United States Women vote today because of the woman suffrage movement, a courageous and persistent political campaign that lasted over 72 years, involved tens of thousands of women and men, and resulted in enfranchising one-half of the citizens of the United States. Inspired by idealism and grounded in sacrifice, the suffrage campaign is of enormous political and social significance yet it is virtually unacknowledged in the chronicles of American history. Had the suffrage movement not been so ignored by historians, women like Lucretia Mott, Carrie Chapman Catt and Alice Paul would be as familiar to most Americans as Thomas Jefferson, Theodore Roosevelt or Martin Luther King, Jr. We would know the story of how women were denied the right to vote despite the lofty words of the Constitution, how they were forced to fight for their rights against entrenched opposition with virtually no financial, legal or political power. If the history of the suffrage movement was better known, we would understand that democracy for the first 150 years in American included half of the population. And we would realize that this situation changed only after the enormous efforts of American citizens in what remains one of the most remarkable and successful nonviolent efforts to change ingrained social attitudes and institutions in the modern era. For women won the vote. They were not given it, granted it, or anything else. They won it as truly as any political campaign is ultimately won or lost. In addition, they won it, repeatedly, by the slimmest of margins, which only underscores the difficulty and magnitude of their victories. In the successful California referendum of 1911, the margin was one vote per precinct! In the House, suffrage passed the first time by exactly the number needed with supporters coming in from the hospital and funeral home to cast their ballots. In the Senate, it passed by two votes. ...

The Three Sides of Latour essays

The Three Sides of Latour essays Death Comes For The Archbishop by Willa Cather is a book about the life and adventures of Jean Marie Latour. As the book progresses, Latour takes on many titles such as Father, Bishop and ultimately Archbishop. Along his travels Latour comes upon characters, many of which are quite similar. There are those characters that Cather deliberately writes more about to catch the readers attention. These characters are Father Martinez, Father Vaillant and Jacinto. In each of these characters Cather creates foils of Latour. There is something in his three foils that Latour wishes were a part of him. He had an altogether compelling personality, a disturbing, mysterious, magnetic power (pg.150). This quote shows exactly what Latour admired in Martinez. This admiration is odd because Martinez is a man whose actions contrast with those that a man of the church is supposed to perform. Another side to this is that Latour sees some of Martinezs qualities within himself and he hates that. In my life I have felt like Latour does in this situation. I find a person who is seen as having bad qualities and I see myself being that person. This makes me angry and I become more hostile to that person than I should be. This is the same with Latour and Martinez. Martinezs selfish and un-priestly ways make his better qualities stand out even more. The quality that Latour admires most in Martinez is his fire and passion conveyed in his sermons. Martinez may not be a man who follows all the rules but he is a man of deep faith in what he preaches. This is that quality that Latour wishes that he had. He wishes he had the ability to show his faith as well as Martinez. The next foil of Latour is his lifetime friend Father Joseph Vaillant. Father Joseph is the closest person in the book to Latour. He is faithful, intelligent and strong willed. The quality in Father Joseph that is most admired by Latour is that of dete ...

Chinese English and Chinglish - Definition and Examples

Chinese English and Chinglish s Speech or writing in English that shows the influence of Chinese language and culture. The terms Chinese English and China English  are often used interchangeably, though some scholars draw distinctions between them. The related term Chinglish, a blend of the words Chinese and English, tends to be used in a humorous or derogatory fashion to characterize English texts such as road signs and menus that have been translated literally and often imprecisely from the Chinese. Chinglish may also refer to the use of Chinese words in an English  conversation  or vice versa. Chinglish is sometimes characterized as an interlanguage. In Global English (2015), Jennifer Jenkins concludes that there are probably more Chinese speakers of English in the world than speakers of any other kind of English. Chinese English and China English With some 250 million Chinese people currently learning to speak English or already fluent, there will soon be more English speakers in China than in the entire British Commonwealth. . . .Since each Chinese ideogram can have many meanings and interpretations, translating Chinese ideas into English is, indeed, extremely difficult. Because of this, Chinese-English hybrid words [such as No noising for Quiet, please, and slippercrafty for treacherously icy road] are often viewed with amusement by the rest of the English-speaking world. Nevertheless, this abundance of new words and phrases, unlikely as it may seem, is one of the prime drivers of the globalization of the English language.(Paul J. J. Payack, A Million Words and Counting: How Global English Is Rewriting the World. Citadel, 2008)On a theoretical level, China English is distinguished systematically from Chinese English, Chinglish, Pidgin English, etc. China English is understood as a standardizing or standardized variety in us e in China, which reflects Chinese cultural norms and concepts. Chinese English refers to varieties of English used by Chinese learners (see Kirkpatrick and Xu 2002). Hu (2004: 27) puts China English at one end of a continuum where lowly Pidgin English or Chinglish is at the other. China English is a language which is as good a communicative tool as standard English, but one which has important Chinese characteristics.(Hans-Georg Wolf, Focus on English. Leipziger Universittsverlag, 2008) Examples of Chinglish Speaking both English and Chinese in ones sentences.Example of a sentence in chinglish: At K-mart, I buy hen duo clothes.(A. Peckham, Mo Urban Dictionary. Andrews McMeel, 2007)Fortified by an army of 600 volunteers and a politburo of adroit English speakers, the [Shanghai Commission for the Management of Language Use] has fixed more than 10,000 public signs (farewell Teliot and urine district), rewritten English-language historical placards and helped hundreds of restaurants recast offerings. . . .But while the war on mangled English may be considered a signature achievement of government officials, aficionados of what is known as Chinglish are wringing their hands in despair. . . .Oliver Lutz Radtke, a former German radio reporter who may well be the world’s foremost authority on Chinglish, said he believed that China should embrace the fanciful melding of English and Chinese as the hallmark of a dynamic, living language. As he sees it, Chinglish is an endangered species that deserves preservation.(Andrew Jacobs, Shanghai Is Trying to Untangle the Mangled English of Chinglish. The New York Times, May 2, 2010)

People Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

People Management - Essay Example The other role of human resources is orientation into an organization where after hiring; an employee is expected to familiarize him or herself with the organization and its functions and operations (Durai 2010, p.180). In this case, human resource management plays its role in orientation, where it acquaints its employees with aspects of the organizations so that the employee is comfortable in the organization and ready to work based on the information that is passed on to him or her during this process. Human resource managers provide information on the basics and other information that an employee collects and creates in the process of working in then organization, but most of it is the basics that are provided at orientation. The third important role of human resource managers is training and development, where it provides employees with skills and knowledge to perform their tasks and fulfil their duties responsibly and as per organizational objectives. In this role, human resourc e development provides training for new employees who lack in experience and provide training for employees with experience, but whose jobs are dynamic in that they are undergoing change (MacDonald, n.d). Line managers are similar to human resource managers in that they manage their own employees but with the only difference, which that implies that they have necessary skills to act as supervisors and solve problems that the employees might encounter (Sunny-tbadesha, 2010). Line managers have the responsibility of maintaining a working environment that can be said to be open concerning the absence of discriminative practices and harassment (Manchester Metropolitan University, n.d, p.5). Elements of Recruitment and Selection Process The key aspects if the recruitment process entails well documented steps that are only charged to human resource managers and they include human resource planning, job analysis, staffing, orientation, training and development, performance appraisal and ot hers. Some are more significant than others are and the first is job analysis, which entails mapping out the availability of a job opening and knowing, and comes up with job description. The importance of indicating clear job specification in any organization cannot be over emphasized as it is of critical value to all. Compiling of job descriptions lies squarely within the human resource manager, who is charged with the role of hiring personnel based on tasks to be carried out in the organization (Gitman et al., 2009, p.206). A clear-cut description highlights what the organization expects from each employee as it entails the details of personnel roles and duties. This saves time and resources that could have been otherwise lost in the confusion created by mixed roles and disorganization within the company. Therefore, effective job descriptions provide efficient communication channels within an organization since every employee is aware of their role. Similarly, the employees become aware of the company’s mission and vision, as well as explaining how each of them fits into the organization’s future. Moreover, clear job specifications help in weeding out unqualified applicants while ensuring the recruitment of qualified personnel (Deb, 2006,

World history Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

World history - Essay Example The Germans were not happy with Theodore Roosevelt and were the first to say they would go to war. The other cause of the war was the assassination of an Austria-Hungary president. Serbia was not happy with the Austria-Hungarian rule (Class Notes). Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand from Austria Hungry by a Serbian nationalists led to Austria-Hungary declaring war on all Serbian nationals. Countries that supported either Serbia or Austria-Hungary also went to war (Ross 27). The other cause of World War I was nationalism. As mentioned earlier, there are countries that supported Serbia and Austria-Hungary when they were at war. Russia defended Serbia to strengthen their alliance. In addition, Russia also called France to support them against Austria-Hungary (Class Notes). Germany saw that Russia was mobilizing and declared war on Russia. Germany also decided to support Austria-Hungary against the Serbia. Lastly, the other cause of world war one was militarism (Ross 24). In 1900s, countries such as Germany and Great Britain had a lot of military buildup. In addition, the two countries also increased their navies during this time in preparation for war. Russia also joined the two in its military buildup. The increase of militarism between all these countries which has access to powerful weapons contributed to the start of world war one. Unlike the First World War, the second was as a result of long-term and short-term causes. One of the long-term causes of the war was that the League of Nations was not able to deal with some of the main international issues which were causing conflicts. The League of Nations was an international organization created after the First World War to deal with international conflicts. For example, the conflict between Abyssinia and Manchuria was not under control because the league showed it was not able to deal with the two powers (Class Notes). The other long term cause was the anger that was felt all

Alternative explaination for any one of the follow technological Essay

Alternative explaination for any one of the follow technological failures - Essay Example Swissair 111’s electrical catastrophe â€Å"involved the wiring in the entertainment system located near the cockpit† (Scarry, p.1). However, military submarines and planes close by are believed to have generated electromagnetic transmissions that impacted the Swissair flight. The purpose of this paper is to select an alternative method of explaining technological failure. Thus, how Charles Perrow’s theory of normal accidents explaining the Three Mile Island Disaster can be used to explain the Swissair 111 accident which took place on the 2nd of September, 1998 will be examined. It will be investigated how according to Perrow’s theory failures interact with each other, and the tight coupling of the elements of the advanced technological system further multiply the chances of disasters taking place on unprecedented scales. It will be seen that instead of providing an alternative explanation, Perrow’s theory basically enhances one’s understanding of the technological failure of Swissair 111, explaining the reason for the crash to take place, as an inevitable or ‘normal’ accident. Apart from the original theory of electromagnetic interference that caused the crash of Swissair 111, Perrow’s theory of normal accidents that explains the Three Mile Island Disaster can be used for elucidating the Swissair accident. According to Perrow, when system characteristics have interactive complexity and tight coupling, the result will be an inevitable system accident or normal accident. â€Å"The odd term ‘normal accident’ is meant to signal that, given the system characteristics, multiple and unexpected interactions of failures are inevitable† (Perrow, p.5). This inevitability of failure is inherent to the system. Although system accidents are uncommon, they can produce catastrophes. The characteristics of the system make it innately vulnerable to accidents, hence the accidents are described as ‘normal’. Thus, the complexity of the

Strategy of Constellation Brands Literature review

Strategy of Constellation Brands - Literature review Example There is little question that Constellation is truly a diverse global company. According to the company website, the corporate structure of the company is broken into three divisions which are Constellation Wines North America (Which also controls Vincor Canada), Constellation services which is a joint venture with the Gruppo Modello of Mexico under the name of Crown Imports LLC. Lastly, there is Constellation International which controls Constellation Europe, New Zealand and Australia respectively. With Respect to branding within the firm, in terms of the spirits, product offering is varied across product lines but the common trait is that all the spirits on offer are premium and mid-premium brands. (Vedka Vodka, Black Velvet Rye, and Paul Masson Grand Amber Brandy). According to Gershberg & Geller (2009), Constellation had recently sold off its value spirits brand ‘Sazerac Co’ which had accounted for approximately two-thirds of the company’s 2008 spirits sales i n terms of volume however it is the case that this division is estimated only at accounting for 30% of the profit. As was stated on the company website it is the case that the focus remains on well-known brands which in turn provides name recognition to customers. According to the company website (2009), the popular Mexican brands controlled by Constellation through its joint venture are Corona Extra, Corona Light, Modelo Especial, Pacifico and Negra Modelo. Other major international brands controlled by the company are St. Pauli Girl from Germany and Tsingtao from China. All of which are considered premium and semi-premium brands. The company also has a number of what it dubs ‘other’ beverages which are malt liquors, ciders, and fortified wine.

Review Chapters V7 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Review Chapters V7 - Essay Example The geographical region in focus is the country of Thailand in South East Asia. A range of different types of SMEs will be included from various sectors so that the findings are representative of Thai SMEs in general. Thus, it includes the production, wholesale and retail sectors. We shall adopt the classification of SMEs as defined by the Thai Institute for Small and Medium Enterprises Development (ISMED, 2010) as follows: Similarly, the study will not be confined to SMEs in a particular area of Thailand because that would not necessarily be representative of Thai SMEs. It will be concerned with SMEs that are typically of Thai origin whether from the capital, other cities or the rural areas of Thailand. The problem to be studied is how Thai SMEs can overcome the myriad of problems they face in being successful. Despite the large number, significance and potential of SMEs, they are more likely than LEs to be faced with a number of problems and limitations. These are primarily related to the areas of administration, management, finance, technology, human resources, and marketing (Garengo, and Bernardi, 2007). For example, the problem of gaining access to sources of funding is very common. Often, SMEs are unaware of potential sources of finance, lack the management skills to satisfy lenders, and are unable to meet lenders’ rigorous assessment criteria and screening process (Atrill, 2006). Even then, SMEs are often not able to receive sufficient access to credit, as do LEs. The nature of this particular problem however is not unique to Thai SMEs as it is a similar situation with SMEs elsewhere, even in developed countries such as Europe (European Commission, 2006). Other problems include lack of employee-training (Thassanabanjong et al., 2009), especially in family-owned SMEs (De Lema and Durendez, 2007) an informal approach if not negligible regard to human resource management (HRM), and consequently

Economic book summery on the book not a Drop to drink by ken Midkiff Essay

Economic book summery on the book not a Drop to drink by ken Midkiff - Essay Example Outstanding examples are the Ogallala river that extends from Nebraska to the Texas panhandle (Midkiff, 22), the Colorado River {â€Å"once a mighty, roaring river† (Midkiff, 9)} and the Rio Grande river, all of which fizzle out into arid river beds before they reach they designated destination – the Gulf of Mexico. Midkiff endorses the intensity of the problem by explaining more about one of these 3 rivers - the Ogallala - calling the area on its banks as â€Å"quite literally the nation’s bread basket† and warning that areas like Dumas {population 13,000} will run out of water from the Ogallala in 30 years’ time (Midkiff, 28). The second cause is water contamination. Midkiff describes how water from taps in Atlanta is so contaminated that it has to be boiled to become fit for human consumption. The main reason is pollution and fresh water depletion that has permitted salt water to enter into areas it has never flowed (Midkiff 61). The shortage of fresh water depletion automatically negates a possible solution to reduce depletion of aquifers by pumping fresh water into them (Midkiff, 152). The third cause is wrong choice of crops and wrong encouragement of such choice. Midkiff points out that whereas about 50% of the U.S. population were engaged in the agricultural profession in the early 1900s, that number has dwindled to just 1% at present (Midkiff, 36). While also blaming growing of crops like soya beans, corn and wheat on lands where irrigation is fed by depleting aquifers (Midkiff, 52), he heaps heavy blame on the â€Å"water guzzling† rice crop (Midkiff, 50), saying rice is a wrong crop choice as it needs a huge amount of water. For example, in Central Valley, California, rice has largely contributed to the water shortage; the Valley, once previously a desert, blossomed with agricultural abundance brought about by the supply of underpriced water as a result of old

Review Chapters V7 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Review Chapters V7 - Essay Example The geographical region in focus is the country of Thailand in South East Asia. A range of different types of SMEs will be included from various sectors so that the findings are representative of Thai SMEs in general. Thus, it includes the production, wholesale and retail sectors. We shall adopt the classification of SMEs as defined by the Thai Institute for Small and Medium Enterprises Development (ISMED, 2010) as follows: Similarly, the study will not be confined to SMEs in a particular area of Thailand because that would not necessarily be representative of Thai SMEs. It will be concerned with SMEs that are typically of Thai origin whether from the capital, other cities or the rural areas of Thailand. The problem to be studied is how Thai SMEs can overcome the myriad of problems they face in being successful. Despite the large number, significance and potential of SMEs, they are more likely than LEs to be faced with a number of problems and limitations. These are primarily related to the areas of administration, management, finance, technology, human resources, and marketing (Garengo, and Bernardi, 2007). For example, the problem of gaining access to sources of funding is very common. Often, SMEs are unaware of potential sources of finance, lack the management skills to satisfy lenders, and are unable to meet lenders’ rigorous assessment criteria and screening process (Atrill, 2006). Even then, SMEs are often not able to receive sufficient access to credit, as do LEs. The nature of this particular problem however is not unique to Thai SMEs as it is a similar situation with SMEs elsewhere, even in developed countries such as Europe (European Commission, 2006). Other problems include lack of employee-training (Thassanabanjong et al., 2009), especially in family-owned SMEs (De Lema and Durendez, 2007) an informal approach if not negligible regard to human resource management (HRM), and consequently

Expression in Human Imagination, Values and Emotions Essay

Expression in Human Imagination, Values and Emotions - Essay Example According to Vernon (1999), the birth of baroque style was an extension of the renaissance art period. Eventually, renaissance gave way to baroque, as the baroque style became more and more distinct. Baroque paintings, sculpture and architecture of a dramatic character were influential tools in the possession of secular and religious absolutisms. Baroque flourished in the service of the Catholic monarchies and the Catholic Church. The artists of this style concentrated on space lights, natural forms, colors, as well as the literal relationship between the portrait subject and the observer. This style produces experience emotions, immensely powerful and thrilling to the observer. The logical purpose of this style was to relay messages to the illiterate people rather than the educated ones. This explains why the paintings were portraits of common and famous stories in the scripture. Initially, baroque art style was dominated by history paintings, religious paintings, portraits and allegories, but later, genre scenes, still life and landscapes gained notoriety rapidly (Vernon, 1999). The most striking feature of the baroque painting was immense drama, dark shadows and intense light. The artists used to select the moment when the action was taking place and also slightly before a sweeping action would take place (Vernon, 1999). For example, the portrait of a steady David daring the giant and another portrait of David throwing the stone with his sling. Baroque style of art was meant to evoke passion and emotion, as opposed to calm rationality of Renaissance. Baroque came up during a period of political and religious strife. Reformation was bringing chaos among the religion of Roman Catholic. As such, it formed a counter reformation to check the increase of Protestantism (Vernon, 1999). Rome was the centre of patronage at that period, and the church was in need of an art style that would lure people back to Catholic Church. The art was further influenced by the prevailing political climate as the monarchies of Spain, which promoted this style. This art period denied people the freedom to choose their life style and enjoy entertaining pieces of art, as it concentrated on religious issues only. Further, the political and religious chaos was ruining people’s happiness. This pressure led to the development of the rococo art movement. #2 Rococo Art was a decorative interior design and French art that emerged in the period (c.1700-1789). Rococo art style focuses on the indulgence and lavishness of the aristocracy. The paintings of this style have outstanding erotic themes, and they are also whimsical with striking flowering brushstrokes and petal colors (Vernon, 1999). The design of rococo rooms was total works of art with ornate and elegant furniture, tapestry complementing style, ornamental mirrors, and small sculptures, wall paintings and relief. Painters used curving forms and delicate colors to produce exceptional artistic works that were naughty. Many people believe that rococo serves the same purpose to baroque as mannerism serves to Renaissance. Therefore, rococo is

Organisational Culture The Case Of Daimler Management Essay

Organisational Culture The Case Of Daimler Management Essay Introduction Organizational or corporate culture is deliberated as one of the vital conflicts and dilemmas as well as subjects that are relevant in academic research as well as education giving deliberation on the corporate and business theory and management applications. The main basis and grounds behind this is the notion that the determinant and attribute of the culture is deliberated as valuable in entire life of corporations and business. Even in those corporate and business where in cultural conflicts and dilemmas take delivery of little precise deliberation, how individuals in a firm perceive, experience, analyze as well as operate are all presented and forwarded by diverse ideologies, sense, significance and also customs and elements of a cultural nature. Whether management perceive that culture is deliberated as too soft or too hard to worry about or whether there is no limited and confined corporate culture, does not lessen the essence of culture (Alvesson 2002). Accordingly, senior corporate management are almanners, in one manner or another, manage and administer culture and deliberated as the most significant notion to be implicated by an industry. Those corporations and industries that are working numbers of diverse management may help in the expansion of building up and copying a culture that will honor and observe the indicator of performance as well as the operations and functions about the process of handling of these. In most of the modern business organization, corporate culture deliberates different types of attention that is deliberated as crucial. The issues is that management are often missing of a deeper comprehension about own individuals and corporate and business will function concerning the culture. It is significant to deliberate the notion that culture is a vital and complex because it is very complex to comprehend and apply in the thoughtful manner. Awareness of and attention in culture can be adjusts between management as well as automotive industry. However, it is still considered hard to get hold of a high level of cultural awareness direct actions (Alvesson 2002). Primarily, the principal objective of this report is to assess the organizational culture of Daimler and identify the issues and problems faced by the management of the automotive industry concerning cultural and diversity issues. Since one of the most talked about Cultural diversity management is the one which Daimler and Chrysler has considered, it is best to analyze the issues that cultural diversity have brought the industry after the Cultural diversity management. Organizational Culture There is no broad concurrence concerning on what the expression organizational or corporate culture explains as well as delivers. The term has been considered in diverse manners, which consist: as a metaphor, as a principle body that relays and associates to the corporate and business as a whole or a set of behavioral or cognitive characteristics. Furthermore, It also visible and evident in diverse determinant and attributes which consist determinant and attributes, symbols, myths, languages, norms of behavior, beliefs, customs, values, ethical codes, legends, as well as attitudes, basic assumptions or event the past of the corporations and businesses. As mentioned by Morgan (1997), the corporate culture has basically four significant strengths. The first strength emphasizes the attention on the human side of corporate and business condition and life. On the other hand, another strength gives consideration on the significance of harmonious internal relations among the members of the corporate and business, that in turn will result to the attainment of objectives and goals. It also makes the members, specifically the corporate and business leaders to analyze themselves in terms of the implications they have on the group. The last one is it develops the corporate and business relationship not only internally but also externally with the implications of the behavior on the outside environment. Various studies such as White (1998) and Hibbard (1998) have given emphasis more on defining values as the core foundation of corporate culture. Whilst such values are significant determinants or determinants of corporate culture, other studies and investigations have shown that corporate as well as business differ more on practices rather than on their values (Hofstede, 2001, p. 394). Such contrary results were determined and found among national culture. In the study by Hofstede (2001), the author has been able to explain that values are derived from an individuals early life, chiefly from his or her own family. This then supports the notions that corporate culture is founded by industrial and institutional practices. Typically, values are not openly apparent for staffs and management. However, in some part, values are expressed through industrial practices. Hence, they can be obtained from emerging corporate and business practices found within the corporate and business, its depar tment or individual work units. It also relays and associated on the outline of attitudes, principles as well as academic manners of adjusting with knowledge that have enhanced during the manner of the record of the corporations and business, which have a propensity to be visible and obvious in its material aspects as well as in the performance and function of the members. Hence, it is deliberated as the outline of valuable statements that have proceeded well sufficient to be able to be deliberated as suitable, hence, it is vital to be trained to latest members as the precise technique to differentiate and identify, reflect and experience in connection to dilemmas and issues of outer variation and inner collaboration(Maier 2004). Based on this, it is deliberated as the shared values, customs and norms and also the expectations that guide the manner in which individuals approach their work, at the same time collaborate with one another. Organizational or corporate culture is diverse from that of the world culture; t his is due to those associated on the shared histories, foods, languages, beliefs which are deliberated as the basis and foundation of the identity of an individual. The personal culture influences how a person is deciding on a specific happening as well as conditions that they are encountering. Identifying the organizational or corporate culture entails being able to give emphasis on the identification of the universal references of the corporations and business. Organizational or corporate culture has been measured as a compound events and happenings. It is very apparent and clear in the behavioral traditions and backgrounds, concealed statements and also as human nature. Furthermore, the value and worth of presenting corporate and business culture from diverse levels, together with idea and creations, values as well as fundamental postulations (Oden, 1997). The extend in which organizational or corporate culture is consciously as well as overtly rather than unconsciously and covertly manifest, implicates how easily organizational or corporate culture can be changed and managed. When organizational or corporate culture change involves changing surface-level behavioral norms as well as object and piece, it can happen with connected easiness. At the authentic levels of organizational or corporate culture, purpose suppositions, ideas, as well as human nature, it is very complex and consuming to consider changes in organizational or corporate cu lture. The process of considering and varying organizational or corporate culture is being influenced by diverse level of corporate and business culture under deliberation (De Witte Muijen 2000). Overview of Daimler One of the successful automotive industries in the global market is Daimler AG. Having its divisions of brands such as Daimler Trucks, Mercedes-Bens Vans, Mercedes Bens Cars, Daimler financial services, Daimler Buses, the industry is considered to be one of the biggest manufacturers of premium cars and vehicles as well as the biggest producers of the commercials automotive vehicles with a global market reach. On the other hand, the Financial Services division of the automotive industry offers their clients with a full range of automotive financial services which include leasing, financing, insuring and fleet management. The founders of the industry have been able to create a history by inventing the automotive in 1886. Being the pioneer for automotives, the automotive industry continues to mold the future of mobility. Daimler group of automotive industry consider innovative and green technologies to be able to generate safe as well as superior automotives that fascinate as well as sa tisfy their clients. Due to the development of alternative drive determinant and attributes, the automotive industry is noted to be the only producer of vehicles that invests in hybrid drive, electric motors as well as fuel-cell approaches, with the objective of attaining emission-free mobility for the long run. Such is just one of the examples of showing how the automotive industry eagerly accepts and considers challenge of meeting their corporate social responsibilities for the environment and the society. The automotive industry is selling their services and vehicles in nearly all the nations in the global market and has manufacturing plans and facilities on the five continents. The current brand portfolio involve, as part of the global masters most valuable automotive brands, Mercedes-Benz, the brands smart which includes the Fuso, Setra, Western Star, Maybach, Feirghtliner, Thomas Built Buses and Orion. Part of the technique and approach of the automotive industry is to merge and acquire different automotive industry to position the industry in the global market and to grasp competitive position in the world market. PEST Analysis It can be noted that the automotive industry has been dependent on global business climate as well as its cycles. Accordingly, the car industries have boomed through 1990s, but due to the Asian crisis as well as the beginning worldwide recession for the new generation, there was a slight slump which has been predicted. To comprehend the organisational culture of Daimler, Pest Analysis will be considered. The following figure shows the analysis of the political, economical, socio-cultural and technological determinant and attributes affecting Daimler. Figure 1 PEST Analysis One of the political factor that affects Daimler is the different taxations surrounding European market which lead to re-imports. Herein, the vehicles are being bought abroad, re-imported to the local market which affects the prices. In the period of economical problems, clients do not substitute their cars. On one hand, there are some brands and cars which are common in the market which express a new way of lifestyle. In terms of technological determinant and attributes, automotive industry nowadays are becoming quick in terms of business standards and consider shortened product life cycles. On one hand, to be able to cope with the environmental aspects, further consolidation of the automotive industry are expected. Aside from PEST analysis, the automotive industry will also be analyzed through the consideration of Porters five Forces model. Figure 2 Porters Five Forces Model Consequently, it can be considered that the most critical are the relations to buyers and suppliers. In Germany, for instance, the supplier of Fords for door-locks is Kieckert which stopped its supply to be able to force ford to pay more which paralysed the production of the automotive industry. On one hand, the buyers from different parts of the world tend to change from one brand to another, due to the differences in the model and look as well as other features. Cultural Issues In Strategic New management and corporations In order to position them in the global market, Daimler Benz has acquired American Chrysler. Accordingly, the sudden acquisition of Daimler Benz to Chrysler has happened because most of the leaders and the management of Chrysler have chosen to retire or leave. Aside from this, most of the functions and operations of the Daimler have been moved to Germany. Consequently, due to this decision the new automotive industry has encountered different cultural issues due to the cultural diversity. One of the most essential determinant and attributes to consider is the organisational cultural determinant and attributes. Consequently, it can be considered that since Daimler and Chrysler was based in different countries with different culture (Germany and America), these automotive industries have some cultural variations, diversities and differences. Though the automotive industry does not almanners hire new staffs and management, the standards of the corporation including its beliefs, practices and purpose, can powerfully affect the staffs and management and its managements. Relevant studies have claimed that strong cultures help the generation as well as maintenance of corporations competitive edge and stability. In the case of Daimler and its acquisition with a new corporation, it can consider that due to the cultural diversities and differences, the diversity management has not been successful. Due to their diversities, both automotive industries have lacked commitment with the Cultural diversity management. With this, many on the German staffs and staffs and management from Daimler saw this acquisition as a temporary determinant and attribute; hence, they did not even bother of improving relationship with their American counterpart. The cultural consequences become specifically apparent in cross national operations, mergers as well as acquisitions, where not only diverse corporate cultures but also corporate cultures rooted in various national cultures meet like in what happened with Daimler. The inability of the staffs and management to comprehend the culture of each other has lead to disruptive tensions which affects the new management of both automotive industries. These have been described in terms of the concepts of acculturative stress or culture clashes. The dilemmas mostly result from the introduction of new management approaches that are incongruent with the values underlying the emerging practices, which happens in Daimler and Chrysler. Even both automotive industries have been aware of the cultural diversity between German Engineering and Cowboy Independence, both companies often compromised instead of considering digital decisions. Accordingly, cultural clashes happen because there are no clear guidelines and roles in the industry about who had accountabilities and who not. Research and development units have been separated for a long time. Issues happened because of the inability of the management to fulfill one of the crucial aspects. Since it is part of the business cultures in German to give commands instead of discussing it with other members, the managers from Germany have decided in most cases, leaving the management of the acqu ired corporation staggered. Figure 3 Alternative Solution From the definition of change management and organizational cultural, the relation between the two have become very significance, particularly, the management of change in a corporation may involve changes in terms of practices, leadership, technology as well as operations of the corporation. These determinants on the other hand are founded by the conventional culture, values and beliefs of the corporation. They are then greatly affected by the corporations culture. Hence, bringing about transitions and modifications to these activities will not be efficient if the core values or culture of the corporation is not identified first. Understanding that the original principles that make these corporation functions work will then make change implementation easier and more efficient. As mentioned by Ramsey (2004) various management principles that are part of a corporations culture, should be taken into consideration for change management. generally these principles consider and involve values such as ethics, trust and loyalty, communication, leadership which include subsidiary, delegation, accountability, self-management) involvement which considers participative and consultative decision-making and work procedures which considers task integrity, work-based management, client-focus, maximization of variable skills, learning. In considering changes in the corporation, management should be able to understand what relations should be observed between the management as well as employees as well as among colleagues. In this regard, the employees will be able to comprehend their responsibilities contributions to the changes planned by the corporation. This will also enable in maintaining harmonious relations among the personnel and employees despite the introduction of changes. The leadership principle is also essential as this will enable Daimler to identify the approach that will be relevant to the issues in terms of cultural differences. Within the context of the automotive industries, globalisation trends have lead to excessive competition between and among industries that adhere to the demands and requirements on car and automotive products and services. In this regard, it can be sad that the multi-level and large-scale operations among automotive industries like Daimler led to the formation of new business approaches that regards the entirety of the conventional business processes. The search for continuous as well as sustainable developments, increased client satisfaction, and faster return on investments as well as the issues and considerations regarding cultural, differences, Cultural diversity management, shorter product life cycle, innovation, and more sophisticated client specifications needed and mostly the issues of cultural diversities needed the call for extensive change management of business goals as well as performance objectives to be able to meet the demands of the existing market economies along wi th aims to gain competitive edge and stability over industry competitors. In this regard, more and more automotive industries try to stay in the competitive environment by considering the management of cultural diversities in the industries. Cultural diversity management have been recognised to be one of the strategic manners in business operation growth as well as expansion in the global market. In line with the technique and approach of automotive industries, it can be considered that the used of Cultural diversity management to be able to solve the issues of cultural differences because of the collaborative venture or merger and acquisition which has been considered by Daimler with Chrysler. Cultural diversity management facilitates automotive industries to grow both internally and externally because through this Cultural diversity management, the partnerships of the family of the acquired automotive industry have increased, not only in its local operation but also in global environment. In addition, through the efficient use of Cultural diversity management, DaimlerChrysler acquisition, are able to gain competitive edge and stability among its rival automotive industry. Competitive edge and stability only arises from establishing differentiation. Although this Cultural diversity management have been successful, there are some essential determinant and attributes which the management of automotive industries can be considered when going into a Cultural diversity management. It can be considered that creating a successful Cultural diversity management between two automotive industries should be able to concentrate on logistical planning as well as operational integration. Unlike local and national corporations, global Cultural diversity management are tasked with higher accountabilities which made them highly accountable to every decision as well as policy they make. The vast influence as well as significant implications of the decisions as well as laws that result from intensive deliberations of member representatives of the World Bank and the World Trade Corporation are normally faced with cultural challenges that threaten the stability as well as sustainability ty of the Cultural diversity management which subsequently may lead to complex realisation of the goals of the corporation. The dilemmas and issues which arise from differing cultural interpretation should be in the reality of consistent evaluation and adjustment. Resolving immediately the differences which hinders the effective and efficient function of global Cultural diversity management should be crucially reviewed in order to promote development as well as growth of every member. Conclusion The context of Cultural diversity management as one of organizational approaches to reach efficient organizational culture, may be assessed in different underlying determinants; these include the objectives of the Cultural diversity management, the logic as well as the technique and approach used for the Cultural diversity management and cultural diversity. The predictability of Cultural diversity management in considering the increasing automotive competition addresses the situation and considerations that industries must give consideration onto before considering Cultural diversity management. In the case of automotive industry such as Daimler, the automotive industry can consider cultural diversity managements to stay in the competitive market and perform better within the global market environment with harmonious and smooth relationship with the staffs, by giving innovative and new products in terms with automotives and car manufacturing through the ideas that the management gain due to Cultural diversity management with other automotive industries. It presents that without such technique and approach, the automotive industry may not be able to expand its business portfolio and solve the issue of cultural diversity. It can be concluded that Cultural diversity management, along with the contexts of strategic management and other efficient marketing technique, can make a automotive industry to succeed in achieving its goal of providing quality products with their target audience and ensuring good corporate or organizational culture all throughout.

Personal Narrative †Vision of Jesus Essay -- Personal Narrative Writi

Personal Narrative – Vision of Jesus Jesus has appeared in the desert, and in the city. Jesus has appeared on paper, and in sculpture. Jesus has appeared on television, and in art. He has also failed to appear in His tomb. You’d figure that after all that travelling, He’d have to get a bite to eat sometime, so He also decided to appear at â€Å"Tim Horton’s.† Now, I would have thought that The Son of God would have appeared at a more high-class joint, like â€Å"Red Lobster,† but I, sir, am no theologist. The Lord works in mysterious ways. One thing I know, though, is that the lady who spotted the Blessed Visage on the side of that donut and coffee joint does not deserve her newfound reputation of having bats in her belfry. If we all believe that she has bats in hers, it’s a bad thing that we don’t have any in ours. She just happened to be buying a coffee, when she saw The Holy Ghost appear on a wall, and no one else did. Children do that sort of thing all the time, yet they are not ridiculed. Don’t you remember the lazy afternoons of childhood, lying in the green summer grass, staring at cloud littered sky, and picking out the different shapes created by the clouds on the deep blue canvas? â€Å"Look, it’s a lamb!† â€Å"Over there! Unbuttered popcorn!† â€Å"Whoa, that sort of looks like an old man’s beard!† â€Å"Hey, it’s Our Savior, Jesus Christ warning us about the upcoming Apocalypse!† Why not? It’s just the same. Just because the canvas on which she spotted this Holy Image was a solid brick wall, and not high up in the sky, close to Heaven, do we really have to question her mental stability? There are numerous similarities between a brick wall and the sky, enough that Jesus could ... ...le figure, are the turfs of the ghosts of Hamlet’s Father, Richard Nixon, and Elvis. So, if the King of Rock and Roll can be seen at a restaurant, why not the King of Kings? I’m sure He gets hungry sometimes. Others are using the excuse that He disappeared soon after a new set of lights were installed. â€Å"The real Jesus,† they say, â€Å"said He’d stick by His followers through thick and thin. He wouldn’t skip out on us like this on such short notice.† Remember that Jesus is a busy man. He probably had to eat and run. I bet He didn’t even get to finish His coffee. A martyr’s work is never done. After reading this, I hope that this whole thing is now cleared out. Maybe now you can see who is really the crazy one. All is takes is a little logic to explain how this religious stuff works. That’s about all I know about that theology stuff.

The Positive Impact of Technology on Education Essays -- Teaching Educ

The Positive Impact of Technology on Education Today, technology is found everywhere in education.There are computers in many of the classrooms and schools contain computer labs, or at least numerous computers in the library available to students. In my paper, I want to discuss some of the positive and negative effects that technology has on education. Throughout my schooling, I’ve seen technology go through different stages of importance in education.When I was in elementary, I remember seeing maybe one computer in the whole school.Moving to middle school, each classroom had around two computers for students to use.The library had a small computer lab where computer classes were held and students could sign up to use them.High school consisted of computers in every classroom.The chemistry and physics room had a small computer lab, the library had a lab of about 30 computers, and we had a computer lab down the hall as well.I recently took a visit back to my elementary school and was amazed at the changes that had taken place, all technological.The library was turned into a fu...

Solving Prison Overcrowding with Drug Courts

Elizabeth Johnson was a model student. She was characterized by her teachers as hardworking, driven, and goal oriented. After being placed on the honor roll and graduating early from Morris High School in Will County, Illinois, she attended Northern Illinois University to become a lawyer. Within her first year at college, her life derailed. She was caught by the police and arrested for possession of marijuana. Johnson was expecting to be placed in prison but she found herself in a drug court, which assigned her mandatory drug rehabilitation. After graduating from the rehabilitation program, she went back to school at John Marshall Law School, and passed the bar exam. Now, after seven years of completing the drug program, she has not relapsed and works as a District Attorney for Will County. However, stories like Johnson’s aren’t common. For every story like hers, there are hundreds of stories where the drug user would be sent to prison, shattering his or her future (Cain). Our prisons, now host thousands of non-violent drug users. These prisons have high upkeep costs, and have led to overcrowding in some states (United States, Department of Justice). The establishment of drug courts, throughout the nation, would result in less economic costs to America, while still rehabilitating drug users successfully. Currently a large part of the Federal budget goes to the criminal justice system and more specifically in stopping drug abuse. In 2005, the government spent 135. 8 billion dollars stopping substance abuse and addiction (Lyons). This money is spent on creating new rehabilitation programs and testing facilities for drug users to attend. However, drug users attend these programs on a voluntary basis. They are able to join and leave the programs at any time (Lyons). The Federal Government is spending billions on increasing rehabilitation facilities available, but is still sending drug users to prison. The courts still assign prison as sentences for drug users, as opposed to rehabilitation (Vrecko). Now, the Department of Justice needs another $6. 172 billion, on top of their current budget, for the rise in costs of federal prisons (United States, Office of Management and Budget). Our current drug policy is failing to match the Federal Government’s initiative for rehabilitation. The current drug policy and harsh punishments has led to prison overcrowding. The New York Times reported that in California, there has been an increase of 45,000 drug users in prison. This increase has fostered the argument of California’s prisons being overcrowded. California’s prison system is overcrowded with 145% capacity. There has now been a surge of cases to the Supreme Court about the constitutionality of the prisons (Liptak). Much of the problem of prison overcrowding has been linked to drug users. In 2009, the Federal Bureau of Prisons reported that 51. percent of prisoners are in prison for drug related charges. For comparison, in 1995, the number of prisoners for drug related charges was 26. 7 percent. (United States. Department of Justice. ) The number of prisoners has nearly doubled due to harsher drug policies stricter punishments. Like California, many states are dealing with a surge in drug users in prison which has resulted in an increase in upkeep costs. For example, Washington will need to build three new prisons to ensure the constitutionality of their prisons. Peter Aldhous, who earned his PhD from the University of California Berkley, wrote that each prison will cost $250 million to build and an additional $45 million to run each year. Unless Washington changes some of its drug policies, they will likely see a continued rise in the amount of drug users in prison and â€Å"prison upkeep costs†. Moreover, Aldhous expects 4. 1 billion dollars to be spent on new prisons across the nation over the next decade. While this is a long-term cost to states, many states will need new beds and other items for their prisons. In Texas, the prisons will require 17,000 new beds (Lyons). In addition, states will have to hire more prison guards. In the end, the short term cost to the state may be around 1 million dollars (Mergenhagen). As the number of overcrowded prisons rises, drug usage while in prison also increases. Many drug users in prison have the ability to meet their friends and family on visits. During these visits, drugs have been given to the drug user in prison. However, the drugs that are exchanged are drugs that are hard to be traced during urine tests. As a result, inject able drugs, which leave no trace in urine, are the most likely to be exchanged. The drugs are then used in the prison cells where other cellmates may use the drug as well. In a study comprising of 13 prisons, the range of prisoners who used injectable drugs while incarcerated was 16% to 54%. (Lines). When sharing injectable drugs, the prisoners also share the needle. This has disastrous effects on the health of the prisoners. Sharing needles causes an increase likelihood of contracting diseases like HCV, HBV, and HIV (Lines). Another study, which looked at 43 prisons, found that the average HIV/AIDS prevalence is 3%. However, specifically in New York, the prevalence was 12. % (Mergenhagen). Outside of prison, America has a HIV/AIDS prevalence of . 3% (United States. Department of Health and Human Services). Drug users in prison are 10 times more likely to contract HIV/AIDS versus the average population. Finally, the recidivism rate has not fallen with the harsher drug policy. Within two years of being released from prison, 32% of the drug users are incarcerated again for drug charges (Fox). This high recidivism rate furthers the idea that the inmates are not receiving the proper attention in prison to deal with their drug addiction. Drug users are sent to prison typically at a young age similar to Johnson. In prison, they do not receive any â€Å"additional education, job training, or counseling. † They are then released back into society without any new resources to succeed. Instead, they carry a record which impairs them from obtaining jobs, and the psychological problems of being behind bars for an extended period of time (Phlisher). The recidivism rate remaining high, and lack of resources for individuals to succeed points to the need for a new solution rather than prison. â€Å"Drug courts† are the ideal solution. These drug courts are separate from the normal criminal court. Dr. Scott Vrecko, who obtained his PhD from the London School of Economics, claims that drug courts are specifically made for sending drug users to a rehabilitative program. If the judge feels as if the individual would be more successful in a â€Å"rehabilitative program as opposed to prison†, he or she will send the drug user to a program of the judge’s choice. If the drug user fails the program, he or she will be sent to prison. This option gives them the ability to have â€Å"education, job training, and counseling† while in rehab. However, the availability of drug courts is limited to only a few states with Florida being the largest. In these states, they have great success on limiting the toll that prisons bear for drug users. Yet, only 6% of drug users in the nation have access to a drug court (Gorsman). 6% is too small to have any far reaching impact across the nation. Increasing the number of drug courts available to the nation on a federal level would have a strong effect on lowering the cost for prisons and reducing the recidivism rate. The creation of drug courts would have a beneficial economic impact. First, it would lower the percentage of drug users in prison from 51. 4% to around 17% (Berman). This would vastly lower the economic costs of maintaining the prisons. Moreover, it would only cost 1. 2 billion dollars to create drug courts throughout the nation (Gorsman). The proposed 1. 2 billion dollars is a fraction of 135. 8 billion dollars the nation already pays for the creation of rehabilitative programs (Lyons). The rehabilitative programs are already built and running. These drug courts would enforce mandatory attendance to the program. In fact, it would save about 1. million dollars per 200 people per year. (Lyons). The estimated savings would easily cover the costs of creating the drug courts after a few years. Many of the drug users in prison are not there on their first arrest, but their second and third arrest. The largest drawback of the prison system, is its inability to reduce recidivism. However, drug courts have become more effective at reducing recidivism. In one study, the recidivism rate was 4% to 8% after two years of being released from the program (Berman). This number is significantly lower than the 32% recidivism rate for drug users who go to prison (Fox). The most extensive study was done by Brenda Newton-Taylor an M. D. from Stanford. The study involved 432 participants and factored out eight different variables including â€Å"length of drug usage, race, gender, income, and the specific drug used†. They found a recidivism rate at 6% for those who graduated from the rehabilitative program. Furthermore, those that failed the program used drugs less often than before after being released from prison. On average they used drugs about a third as much as they used to. This resulted in the individuals having better jobs and maintaining better lives. The creation of drug courts have been effective in reducing the recidivism rate and lowering the cost on prisons. Many of the present arguments against the establishments of drug courts is related to a theoretical rise in drug users due to a less severe punishment. However, this idea has been empirically disproved. In the certain areas where drug courts are present in America, such as Florida, there has not been a statistically significant increase in the amount of drug usage or drug users (Marlowe). Much of this has been applied to the continued social stigmatization of drugs. Although some states have taken a shift in their drug policy, the stigmatization of drugs still exists. Further, although the mandatory treatment program is not as harsh as prison, it is still not an appealing punishment (Marlowe). The average length to graduate from the program is about 8 months (Newton-Taylor). The time required to graduate still deters individuals from using drugs. If they fail the program, they will be sent to jail which still acts as a deterrent. (Marlowe). The argument of increased drug consumption lacks empirical evidence. The establishment of drug courts throughout the nation would help to solve some of the pressing needs of overcrowding within state prisons and the stagnant recidivism rates. Elizabeth Johnson has been pleading her case to the Illinois state government for the creation of drug courts in every county. Many representatives have joined her support of drug courts, and Illinois has seen large strides in reforming their drug policies. (Cain. ) With many large states such as Florida shifting to drug courts, the push for the federal government to enact the change will undoubtedly follow.

TV Is a Bad Influence

Do you know how does TV influence people? Well TV should be regulated and the people need to decide how to use it. TV is a bad influence for health, the publicity should be regulated; for example adult content must not be shown at available hours and TV is not the only way for entertainment. Watching TV for many hours brings you problems with your eyes as well as terrible headache. In fact, children that spend many hours watching it are lazier than children that read books; furthermore, children that see sports instead of practicing them tend to be obese. For better or worse, television is an important factor health educator. In addition, 40% of the people Interviewed reported that they watched at least 2 hours of television per day, while 59% reported that they did less than 30 min of exercise and physical activity each day. The Comparisons between the foods and drinks were as a frequently consumed on television this was compared with the behavior and influenced on actual adolescents. They get influenced by TV on the patterns models of food. Over the 35% of the people admit eating pizza and pasta although 10% of Interviewed thought that television characters ate a lot of muffins and dough- nuts. Publicity should be regulated. Publicity of adult content must not be on available hours. In fact publicity influences children on their growing up; they reported that what adolescents watch on TV the want to imitate for example the drink that they watch on TV is that one that they drank frequently. The data showed that the television focuses on the sex appeal, health and alcohol and that makes a powerful impact on the growing up of the adolescents for example: body satisfaction and health behaviors. The television actors who are overweight or obese are use with less importance on interactions for romantic scene. In addition, overweight or obese actresses are more tend to be the joke of the TV shows and also to the violent acts. In contrast in Long et al. (2002) reported that the 11% of the adolescent that drank and have health behaviors are because they are influenced by characters of the television. The us population does not dines the fact that the television reports social norms and model behaviors especially the more affected are the teenagers TV is not the only way for entertainment; there are other things that people have forgotten. For example: reading, museums, radio, parks, etc. TV doesn’t help to the cultural development. In fact people prefer watching TV instead of listening to the radio or to read. Television influence people in the way they think so as they act. TV is a good mass of media but first of all TV should be regulated and also people needs to decide how to use it because the educational shows are very good. But for example adult content and many other things affected to the Mind of the teenager. So people need to decide how to use it and not to be influenced by TV!

Planning and Decision Making Essay

Planning and decision-making are critical processes for effective police administration because: (1) planning is the first step to the effective operation and good management of a police department; (2) planning is the essential element of decision –making; (3) effective planning can eliminate or reduce potential catastrophe resulting from manmade and natural disasters; (4) decision making can usually be described in three types of theoretical models rational, incremental, and heuristic none of which defines all of the elements and factors that affect every decision; (5) the decisions individuals make during crisis situations often define their leadership abilities and, in some cases, their career success; (6) police administrators rarely act alone and most decision making within a police department is conducted at the group level; and (7) decision making is rarely perfect, and is often marred by individual and group weakness that can be identified and hence, avoided. (Swanson, 2012) Yes I agree on my topic with what the author is talking about, because planning and decision making from personal experience is very big. Making decision is very stressful at times that will lead to depression that comes with giving up and frustration that might makes you uncertain of making the best choice. Planning is the most basic function of management. It preceded other functions because a manager plans before he acts. Planning involves determination the objectives and selecting courses of action that will lead to the achievement of predetermined objectives. I don’t like to plan because I get over my head, and too excited and can’t wait for the day to come.

Other Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Other - Essay Example Moreover, debt is the cheapest source of financing for long-term since it provides deductibility of interest proportion to tax and during inflation, the rate of debt repayment is cheaper. Moreover, the capital access will help to keep this facilities updated with information, technology and improve the quality initiates. However, once considered in higher levels, it will pose financial risks in the attempt to meet interest repayments and the principal. Accordingly, it becomes difficult in raising funds leading to elevated capital cost (Anwer.com, 2013). According to Fitch Rating CEO, John Well (2013), hospitals are becoming sophisticated by the use of complex debts to achieve lowered cost of debt but with certain risk of not all hospitals can afford to take the debts. As a result, Health Care Financial Management Association CEO (2013) suggests that their issue will not be different to personal investment and to avoid the succumbing to various risks, the management is being advised o n scrutinizing debt structures and the current trends in the capital market. As result, they should always be considered as long as the returns it gives are much higher than its cost. Additionally, for the usage of debt to be effective, the management in health care organizations needs to know the current changes in capital market and the currently available types of finances (Lee, 2013). Case Scenario Market, Strategic, and Financial factors Improve a Hospitals Credit Rating Moody Investor Service, (2009, as cited in William, Michael, & Noah, 2009). According to William, Michael, & Noah, (as cited in Moody Investor Service, 2008), Moody Investor Services improved the credit rating of tax-exempted bonds of Evanston Northwestern Healthcare from Aa3 to Aa2. According to them, they cited improvements to have been achieved from improved factors such as market, strategic and financial aspects. As a result, Evanston has expanded in various sectors such as the patient base since it has bee n able to align with several specialists’ medical groups. Moreover, it financial earnings has improved to a cash flow of 4.2 times payment at the debt service. As a result, in 2007, the hospital had managed to raise it cash flows to 10% compared to 2006, which stood at 9.4%. in fact, the accrued raised gaining were observed to have risen from the expanded medical group, more revenue from outpatient, and establishment of current, advanced technologies in information sector. Additionally, the hospital is cited to be maintaining strong positions of liquidity whereby the unrestricted and restricted capital sums up to $1.6 billion, which can be explained as cash on hand for 509 days. As William, Michael, & Noah, (2009, as cited in Moody Investor Service, 2008) suggests, Over the next few years, the hospital is expected to increase its capital outlay to be more than $100 each year. As a result, the capital will be used for expansions or replacement needed in care unit, operation ro oms, and centers for treating cancer. However, William, Michael, & Noah, (2009, as cited in Moody Investor Service, 2008) concludes that Moody has a concern over the competition in hospitals that are increasing their service areas and Evanston depend only on commercial that have seen its patient revenue rising to 25%. Pros

Compare and Contrast an Alligator vs. Crocodile Essay

Compare and Contrast an Alligator vs. Crocodile - Essay Example Alligators are generally categorized as belonging to the alligatoridae family of crocodilians that is seen to also include the caimans. Perhaps on the most distinguishing characteristic aspects of the alligator is the fact that the noses of alligators are generally shaped to have a rather wide U-shaped, and rounded snout that can be deemed as having the appearance of a shovel (Barnes-Svarney and Svarney187-188). This broad design of an alligators snout can be perceived to have been designed mainly for strength and is designed to ensure that the animal can be able to easily withstand the stress to its bone structure caused when it applies massive force in cracking the rather hard shells of invertebrates such as turtles that form a significant part of its diet. As a result of an alligator’s upper jaw being significantly larger than its lower jaw, its jaws completely overlap when its mouth is closed with the teeth on the lower jaw becoming completely hidden as they neatly fit int o small depressions located in the upper jaw (Barnes-Svarney and Svarney187-188; Tan 40). This aspect can be seen to be especially pronounced in relation to the large fourth tooth of the animal located in the lower jaw. The salt glands situated on the tongues of alligators are less effective as compared to those of crocodiles and generally appear to have lost their innate ability of enabling the animal to excrete significant amounts of salt (Tan 40). Alligators can be able to grow and attain a length of about 14 to 16 feet a length that is considerably larger that of some crocodile species (Smith 205). With a V-shaped snout, the snout of a crocodile is basically found to be more pointed as compared to an alligator. The shape of its snout is seen to cause the animal to become more generalized and much better adapted for a wider range of prey. A crocodile’s upper and lower jaws are fundamentally the same width